Thesis - faculty.ait.ac.th - Asian Institute of Technology

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Table 4.7 COD Removal Efficiency in BMBR System at Different HRT Values COD Removal (%) HRT 24 h HRT 20 h HRT 16 h HRT 12 h Maximum 66 76 76 56 Minimum 53 50 52 46 Average 60 65 62 51 Std. Dev. 6 9 6 4 To further verify the treatability in the yeast and bacterial system, the F/M ratio and the COD removal with MLSS were compared. Figure 4.18 represents the organic removal with variation in F/M ratio. It indicated that while comparing the BMBR, YMBR obtained higher specific COD removal rate at F/M ratio greater than 0.85 mg COD/mg SS.d. It also showed that the COD removal rate of YMBR is higher than that of BMBR at the same F/M ratio. Thus, it could be said that though the performance in terms of removal efficiency cannot be compared, in terms of total organic removal for available biomass in the YMBR system is better. COD Removal Rate (mg COD/mg SS.d) 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 BMBR YMBR Figure 4.18 Variations in COD Removal Rate as a Function of F/M Ratio As the loading rate was progressively increased through different stages, COD in the effluent in the yeast ranged from 1,860 to 4,270 mg/L and from 1,765 to 4,560 mg/L in the bacterial system. 86 YMBR: BMBR: y = 0.5993Ln(x) + 0.6183 R 2 y = 0.7156Ln(x) + 0.6578 R = 0.937 2 = 0.8766 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 F/M Ratio (d -1 )
(2) TKN Removal Efficiency Prior to optimizing the HRT in the MBR systems, TKN removal in the leachate was also studied. A TKN concentration of about 2,000 mg/L was used. The graph showing influent and effluent TKN concentration in the BMBR and YMBR systems are presented in Figure E-1 of Appendix E. For the yeast system, the pH range was controlled around 3.6, to enhance yeast growth and prevent bacterial contamination. In the acidic pH, the ammonium compounds tend to remain in the form of ammonium ion rather than as ammonia. Thus, it could be said that the free ammonia concentration in the YMBR would be less than 1.0 mg/L. The free ammonia in the BMBR was around 12 to 20 mg/L (Section 4.2.3) due to the pH range 6.8-7.0. Figure 4.19 shows TKN removal efficiency for both YMBR and BMBR systems at different HRT. There was not any significant difference, though the YMBR was marginally better than BMBR. Average TKN removal efficiency in YMBR and BMBR systems was from 19% to 29% and 14% to 25%, respectively as given in Table 4.8 and 4.9. At a HRT of 12 h, the average TKN removal efficiency in YMBR and BMBR was as low as 18% and 14%, respectively, similar to low COD removal. TKN Removal (%) . 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 BMBR HRT YMBR 1 22 48 72 94 119 145 173 Time (days) Figure 4.19 TKN Removal Efficiency in the YMBR and BMBR with HRT 87 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 HRT (h)
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APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR
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Abstract Landfill leachate is a com
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Table of Contents Chapter Title Pag
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4.5.6 Cost Analysis for Operation 1
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4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Concentr
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4.16 COD Concentration in the Influ
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MWCO Molecular Weight Cut-off MWW M
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1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
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generally unsuccessful in removal o
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2.1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literatu
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In the municipal solid waste landfi
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COD/TOC, VS/FS and VFA/TOC ratios o
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Table 2.3 presents the general leac
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Ground water 2.7.1 Seasonal Variati
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Table 2.5 Variation of COD, BOD & B
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entails the re-circulation of leach
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Table 2.8 Summary of Biokinetic Coe
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that extensive loss of nitrogen (up
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ammonia could only be achieved when
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Table 2.10 Treatment Efficiencies o
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Activated Carbon Adsorption Granula
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Colloidal material as well as metal
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iologically, physical-chemical proc
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Ammonia Stripping Air stripping of
Page 49 and 50: These systems are land intensive wh
Page 51 and 52: the biological treatment can be rep
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.16 Typical Leachate Composi
Page 55 and 56: influent reached 200 mg/L. For the
Page 57 and 58: Table 2.18 Advantages and Disadvant
Page 59 and 60: through the effluent. Different ope
Page 61 and 62: Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids and D
Page 63 and 64: 2.12 Yeasts 2.12.1 Introduction The
Page 65 and 66: Nishihara ESRC Ltd. (2001) studied
Page 67 and 68: nitrification-denitrification proce
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.1 Composition of Simulated
Page 71 and 72: 3.4.1 Ammonia Toxicity The experime
Page 73 and 74: Figure 3.4 Experiments Conducted to
Page 75 and 76: Leachate Option Ammonia Stripping R
Page 77 and 78: MW larger than 50 kDa, (2) MW betwe
Page 79 and 80: Figure 3.7 Flowchart Showing Ammoni
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 4.
Page 83 and 84: COD Removal Effeciency (%) COD Remo
Page 85 and 86: MLSS (mg/L) 14000 12000 10000 8000
Page 87 and 88: Specific Growth Rate ( d -1 ) 0.50
Page 89 and 90: change in the predominant species w
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Co
Page 93 and 94: Table 4.5 Substrate Utilization by
Page 95 and 96: 4.3.1 Initial Membrane Resistance P
Page 97 and 98: when compared with the present stud
Page 99: COD Removal Efficiency (%) 90 80 70
Page 103 and 104: As there was no significant improve
Page 105 and 106: The probable reason for frequent fo
Page 107 and 108: Ammonia Concentration (mg/L) Ammoni
Page 109 and 110: concentration after treatment. Othe
Page 111 and 112: After the chemical cleaning of the
Page 113 and 114: emoval of 38%. A higher removal in
Page 115 and 116: Influent BOD (mg/L) Influent BOD (m
Page 117 and 118: (3) TKN Removal Efficiency The TKN
Page 119 and 120: Figure 4.34 gives the overall TKN r
Page 121 and 122: fraction and slowly biodegradable C
Page 123 and 124: BOD (mg/L) BOD (mg/L) 6000 5000 400
Page 125 and 126: Figure 4.39 Molecular Weight Cut-of
Page 127 and 128: COD (mg/L) 8000 6000 4000 2000 COD
Page 129 and 130: Though, the obtained COD removal ef
Page 131 and 132: cake used on the top of the membran
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommend
Page 135 and 136: 0.02, respectively. This can be con
Page 137 and 138: References Abeling, U., and Seyfrie
Page 139 and 140: Brown, M.J., and Lester, J.N., 1980
Page 141 and 142: Diamadopoulos, E., 1994. Characteri
Page 143 and 144: Grady, C.P.L., Daigger, G.T., and L
Page 145 and 146: Keenan, J.D., Steiner, R.L., and Fu
Page 147 and 148: Martin, G.M.A., Auzmenti, A.I., and
Page 149 and 150: Pohland, F.G., and Harper, S.R., 19
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Shin, H.S., An, H., Kang, S.T., Cho
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Visvanathan, C., Ben Aim, R., and P
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Appendix A Pictures of Experiments
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Raw Leachate YMBR Effluent BMBR Eff
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Appendix B Leachate Characteristics
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Table B-2 Acclimation of Mixed Yeas
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Appendix C Experimental Data of Bio
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y: Where: OUR at line g: This is th
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Table C-3 Experimental Results for
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Appendix D Membrane Resistance Stud
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Table D-3 Experimental Data for Det
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Table D-4 Experimental Data for Det
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Pressure (kPa) Pressure (kPa) 25 20
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Appendix E MBR without Ammonia Stri
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Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
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Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
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Table E-3 Variation in TMP with Tim
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Appendix F Ammonia Stripping Studie
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Table F-5 Pilot Scale Study on Ammo
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Table G-1 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
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Table G-3 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
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Appendix H Other Studies 179
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Table H-2 Membrane Resistance of th
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Table H-6 Chemical Cost for the Yea
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