Thesis - faculty.ait.ac.th - Asian Institute of Technology

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Perimeter Collection Pipe Cap Drainage System Filter Layer Compacted soil Leachate Collection System Leak Detection System Figure 2.1 Schematic Representation of a Typical Engineered Landfill 2.2 Solid Waste Management Practices The safe and reliable long-term disposal of solid waste is an important component in solid waste management. Municipal solid waste consists of inorganic substances such as boxes, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, and appliances along with organic waste. There are different methods employed in solid waste management. Few of the management practices are as follows: (a) Reduction in the exploitation of the resources and the minimization of waste (b) Increase in recovery/reuse by placing increased responsibility on the producer (c) Incineration (d) Composting (e) Landfilling, etc. Landfilling or the land disposal is today the most commonly used method for waste disposal. Landfill has been the most economical and environmentally acceptable method for the disposal of solid waste throughout the world. Even with the implementation of waste reduction, recycling and transformation technologies, disposal of solid waste in the landfill still remains an important component of the solid waste management strategies. Concerns with the landfilling of solid waste are related to (1) the controlled release of landfill gases that might migrate off-site and cause odor and other potentially dangerous conditions, (2) the impact of the uncontrolled discharge of landfill gases on the green house effect in the atmosphere , (3) the uncontrolled release of leachate that may migrate down to underlying groundwater or to surface water, (4) the breeding and harboring of disease vectors in an improperly managed landfills, and (5) the health and environmental impacts associated with the release of trace gases arising from the hazardous materials. 2.3 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Gas Vent Solid waste Drainage Layer Top Soil Drainage Layer Low Permeability Soil 6 Collection Pipes Collection Pipes Native Soil Foundation Final Soil Cover Filter Layer Barrier Layer (FML) Top Liner (FML) Upper Component Lower Component (Compacted Soil) Protective Soil or Cover
In the municipal solid waste landfill, biodegradable waste constituents are converted into intermediates and end products, primarily by initial hydrolysis to intermediate substrates which support acidogenesis and product are subsequently utilized as precursor for gas formation during methanogenesis in the five degradation phases (Pohland and Harper, 1985; Pohland and Kim, 1999). Figure 2.2 represents variation in concentrations of significant parameters during the five degradation phases. High Concentration Low Redox Potential Figure 2.2 Changes in Significant Parameters during Different Phases of Landfill Stabilization (Pohland and Harper, 1985) The trend in the degradation phase may not uniform throughout the landfill since there are certain regions in the landfill which are dominated by a particular degradation phase. Hence, the leachate generated is a combination of the products of different microbial and physico-chemical processes taking place within the landfill. 2.4 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate Landfill leachate is a high-strength wastewater formed as a result of percolation of rainwater and moisture through waste in a landfill. The liquid medium absorbs nutrients and contaminants from the waste and thus posing hazard to the receiving water bodies. Leachate contains many substances, depending upon the types of waste disposed into the landfill. Leachate may be toxic to life or may simply alter the ecology of the stream watercourse, if not removed by treatment. Depending on the geographical and geological nature of a landfill site, leachate may seep into the ground and possibly enter groundwater sources. Though part of the contaminants from the leachate can be removed by natural processes within the ground, groundwater contamination can be hazardous as drinking water sources may be affected. The simplest method of leachate treatment is disposal into the public sewer. However, as there is considerable difference between the leachate and domestic wastewater characteristics, the volume of leachate discharged is limited. Further, depending on 7 Heavy Metal Emission Carbon Emission Aerobic Acidogenic Methanogenic Oxidation Weathering Degradation Phases
Page 1 and 2: APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Landfill leachate is a com
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Chapter Title Pag
Page 7 and 8: 4.5.6 Cost Analysis for Operation 1
Page 9 and 10: 4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Concentr
Page 11 and 12: 4.16 COD Concentration in the Influ
Page 13 and 14: MWCO Molecular Weight Cut-off MWW M
Page 15 and 16: 1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
Page 17 and 18: generally unsuccessful in removal o
Page 19: 2.1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literatu
Page 23 and 24: COD/TOC, VS/FS and VFA/TOC ratios o
Page 25 and 26: Table 2.3 presents the general leac
Page 27 and 28: Ground water 2.7.1 Seasonal Variati
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.5 Variation of COD, BOD & B
Page 31 and 32: entails the re-circulation of leach
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.8 Summary of Biokinetic Coe
Page 35 and 36: that extensive loss of nitrogen (up
Page 37 and 38: ammonia could only be achieved when
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.10 Treatment Efficiencies o
Page 41 and 42: Activated Carbon Adsorption Granula
Page 43 and 44: Colloidal material as well as metal
Page 45 and 46: iologically, physical-chemical proc
Page 47 and 48: Ammonia Stripping Air stripping of
Page 49 and 50: These systems are land intensive wh
Page 51 and 52: the biological treatment can be rep
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.16 Typical Leachate Composi
Page 55 and 56: influent reached 200 mg/L. For the
Page 57 and 58: Table 2.18 Advantages and Disadvant
Page 59 and 60: through the effluent. Different ope
Page 61 and 62: Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids and D
Page 63 and 64: 2.12 Yeasts 2.12.1 Introduction The
Page 65 and 66: Nishihara ESRC Ltd. (2001) studied
Page 67 and 68: nitrification-denitrification proce
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.1 Composition of Simulated
Page 71 and 72:
3.4.1 Ammonia Toxicity The experime
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Figure 3.4 Experiments Conducted to
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Leachate Option Ammonia Stripping R
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MW larger than 50 kDa, (2) MW betwe
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Figure 3.7 Flowchart Showing Ammoni
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Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 4.
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COD Removal Effeciency (%) COD Remo
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MLSS (mg/L) 14000 12000 10000 8000
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Specific Growth Rate ( d -1 ) 0.50
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change in the predominant species w
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Table 4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Co
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Table 4.5 Substrate Utilization by
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4.3.1 Initial Membrane Resistance P
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when compared with the present stud
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COD Removal Efficiency (%) 90 80 70
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(2) TKN Removal Efficiency Prior to
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As there was no significant improve
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The probable reason for frequent fo
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Ammonia Concentration (mg/L) Ammoni
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concentration after treatment. Othe
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After the chemical cleaning of the
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emoval of 38%. A higher removal in
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Influent BOD (mg/L) Influent BOD (m
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(3) TKN Removal Efficiency The TKN
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Figure 4.34 gives the overall TKN r
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fraction and slowly biodegradable C
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BOD (mg/L) BOD (mg/L) 6000 5000 400
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Figure 4.39 Molecular Weight Cut-of
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COD (mg/L) 8000 6000 4000 2000 COD
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Though, the obtained COD removal ef
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cake used on the top of the membran
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Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommend
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0.02, respectively. This can be con
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References Abeling, U., and Seyfrie
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Brown, M.J., and Lester, J.N., 1980
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Diamadopoulos, E., 1994. Characteri
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Grady, C.P.L., Daigger, G.T., and L
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Keenan, J.D., Steiner, R.L., and Fu
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Martin, G.M.A., Auzmenti, A.I., and
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Pohland, F.G., and Harper, S.R., 19
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Shin, H.S., An, H., Kang, S.T., Cho
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Visvanathan, C., Ben Aim, R., and P
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Appendix A Pictures of Experiments
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Raw Leachate YMBR Effluent BMBR Eff
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Appendix B Leachate Characteristics
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Table B-2 Acclimation of Mixed Yeas
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Appendix C Experimental Data of Bio
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y: Where: OUR at line g: This is th
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Table C-3 Experimental Results for
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Appendix D Membrane Resistance Stud
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Table D-3 Experimental Data for Det
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Table D-4 Experimental Data for Det
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Pressure (kPa) Pressure (kPa) 25 20
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Appendix E MBR without Ammonia Stri
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Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
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Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
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Table E-3 Variation in TMP with Tim
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Appendix F Ammonia Stripping Studie
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Table F-5 Pilot Scale Study on Ammo
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Table G-1 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
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Table G-3 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
Page 193 and 194:
Appendix H Other Studies 179
Page 195 and 196:
Table H-2 Membrane Resistance of th
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Table H-6 Chemical Cost for the Yea
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Thesis - faculty.ait.ac.th - Asian Institute of Technology

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