Thesis - faculty.ait.ac.th - Asian Institute of Technology

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Table 3.8 Parameters and Their Analytical Methods Parameter Method of Analysis 66 Equipment Used pH pH meter pH meter DO DO meter DO meter COD Dichromate reflux Titration BOD Oxitop Oxitop bottles TOC Combustion method TOC analyser Pb Flame atomic absorption spectrometry Atomic absorption spectrometry Ammonia Distillation Titration Nitrite and Nitrate Colorimetric UV-visible spectrophotometer TKN Macro-Kjeldahl Titration Phosphate Ascobic acid UV-visible spectrophotometer MLSS Dried at 103-105 o C Filter/Oven MLVSS Ignited at 550 o C Furnace TDS Conductivity meter Conductivity meter Conductivity Conductivity meter Conductivity meter MWCO Membrane filtration UF membrane module SVI Settle sludge volume after 30 minutes 1000 ml cylinder Viscosity Rotating torque cylinder at 100 rpm Viscometer CST Capillary time CST apparatus EPS Thermal and centrifugation method Centrifugal equipment Proteins Lowry Spectrophotometer Carbohydrates Phenolic-sulfuric acid Spectrophotometer
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Simulation of Leachate Characteristic for Treatment of Middle Aged Leachate Leachate varies widely in quantity and in composition from one place to another (Kennedy, et al., 1988). Such variability along with other factors make the applicability of a method to treat leachate highly dependent on the characteristics of the leachate and tolerance of the method against changes in leachate quality (Henry, et al., 1982). As mentioned in section 2.13.1, it is difficult to predict the applicability of the leachate treatment sequence with varying leachate quality. To overcome this problem, leachate with a quality emulating the medium landfill leachate was simulated, and used in this experimental work. To arrive at the appropriate leachate quality to be taken for the study, a survey on the medium aged leachate in Asian context is required. Table 2.3 gives the typical characteristics of the middle aged landfill leachate. The medium-aged leachate contains COD ranging of 5,000 to 10,000 mg/L and BOD/COD ratio of 0.1 to 0.5 (Qasim and Chiang, 1994; Amokrane, et al., 1997). The medium landfill leachate is usually less biodegradable than the young leachate. The high ammonium concentration of around 2,000 mg/L makes the medium aged leachate treatment even more complicated. The NH4 + -N is dominant among the nitrogen forms making it an important parameter to be considered in leachate treatment. Another important parameter taken into consideration is the alkalinity. The alkalinity is also found to be high in leachate and significant in leachate treatment. As the leachate is nutrient deficient in terms of phosphorus, and often phosphorous supplement was added to enhance the leachate treatment. Based on the literature review, a simulated leachate quality was used with BOD/COD ratio ranging from 0.35 to 0.45, COD ranging from 7,000 to 9,000 mg/L, and total nitrogen ranging from 1,800 to 2,000 mg/L as described in Table 3.1. The leachate simulated for the study was prepared by combining the leachate collected from Pathumthani Landfill Site (PS) and Ram-Indra Transfer Station (RIS). Table B-1 of Appendix B gives the leachate quality of the two sites along with the mixed leachate quality. The BOD/COD of the mixed leachate was found to be around 0.44-0.45. Table 4.1 presents the consistency of the simulated leachate used in the study. Table 4.1 Compositions of Leachate Simulated from Leachates Obtained from Pathumthani Landfill Site (PS) and Ram-Indra Transfer Station (RIS) COD BOD BOD/COD NH3-N TKN (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) 7,715 3,484 0.45 1,791 2,072 7,733 3,460 0.45 1,623 1,850 7,404 3,353 0.45 1,624 1,969 7,248 3,205 0.44 1,558 1,898 67
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APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR
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Abstract Landfill leachate is a com
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Table of Contents Chapter Title Pag
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4.5.6 Cost Analysis for Operation 1
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4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Concentr
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4.16 COD Concentration in the Influ
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MWCO Molecular Weight Cut-off MWW M
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1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
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generally unsuccessful in removal o
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2.1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literatu
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In the municipal solid waste landfi
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COD/TOC, VS/FS and VFA/TOC ratios o
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Table 2.3 presents the general leac
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Ground water 2.7.1 Seasonal Variati
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.5 Variation of COD, BOD & B
Page 31 and 32: entails the re-circulation of leach
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.8 Summary of Biokinetic Coe
Page 35 and 36: that extensive loss of nitrogen (up
Page 37 and 38: ammonia could only be achieved when
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.10 Treatment Efficiencies o
Page 41 and 42: Activated Carbon Adsorption Granula
Page 43 and 44: Colloidal material as well as metal
Page 45 and 46: iologically, physical-chemical proc
Page 47 and 48: Ammonia Stripping Air stripping of
Page 49 and 50: These systems are land intensive wh
Page 51 and 52: the biological treatment can be rep
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.16 Typical Leachate Composi
Page 55 and 56: influent reached 200 mg/L. For the
Page 57 and 58: Table 2.18 Advantages and Disadvant
Page 59 and 60: through the effluent. Different ope
Page 61 and 62: Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids and D
Page 63 and 64: 2.12 Yeasts 2.12.1 Introduction The
Page 65 and 66: Nishihara ESRC Ltd. (2001) studied
Page 67 and 68: nitrification-denitrification proce
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.1 Composition of Simulated
Page 71 and 72: 3.4.1 Ammonia Toxicity The experime
Page 73 and 74: Figure 3.4 Experiments Conducted to
Page 75 and 76: Leachate Option Ammonia Stripping R
Page 77 and 78: MW larger than 50 kDa, (2) MW betwe
Page 79: Figure 3.7 Flowchart Showing Ammoni
Page 83 and 84: COD Removal Effeciency (%) COD Remo
Page 85 and 86: MLSS (mg/L) 14000 12000 10000 8000
Page 87 and 88: Specific Growth Rate ( d -1 ) 0.50
Page 89 and 90: change in the predominant species w
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Co
Page 93 and 94: Table 4.5 Substrate Utilization by
Page 95 and 96: 4.3.1 Initial Membrane Resistance P
Page 97 and 98: when compared with the present stud
Page 99 and 100: COD Removal Efficiency (%) 90 80 70
Page 101 and 102: (2) TKN Removal Efficiency Prior to
Page 103 and 104: As there was no significant improve
Page 105 and 106: The probable reason for frequent fo
Page 107 and 108: Ammonia Concentration (mg/L) Ammoni
Page 109 and 110: concentration after treatment. Othe
Page 111 and 112: After the chemical cleaning of the
Page 113 and 114: emoval of 38%. A higher removal in
Page 115 and 116: Influent BOD (mg/L) Influent BOD (m
Page 117 and 118: (3) TKN Removal Efficiency The TKN
Page 119 and 120: Figure 4.34 gives the overall TKN r
Page 121 and 122: fraction and slowly biodegradable C
Page 123 and 124: BOD (mg/L) BOD (mg/L) 6000 5000 400
Page 125 and 126: Figure 4.39 Molecular Weight Cut-of
Page 127 and 128: COD (mg/L) 8000 6000 4000 2000 COD
Page 129 and 130: Though, the obtained COD removal ef
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cake used on the top of the membran
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Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommend
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0.02, respectively. This can be con
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References Abeling, U., and Seyfrie
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Brown, M.J., and Lester, J.N., 1980
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Diamadopoulos, E., 1994. Characteri
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Grady, C.P.L., Daigger, G.T., and L
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Keenan, J.D., Steiner, R.L., and Fu
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Martin, G.M.A., Auzmenti, A.I., and
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Pohland, F.G., and Harper, S.R., 19
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Shin, H.S., An, H., Kang, S.T., Cho
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Visvanathan, C., Ben Aim, R., and P
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Appendix A Pictures of Experiments
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Raw Leachate YMBR Effluent BMBR Eff
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Appendix B Leachate Characteristics
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Table B-2 Acclimation of Mixed Yeas
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Appendix C Experimental Data of Bio
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y: Where: OUR at line g: This is th
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Table C-3 Experimental Results for
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Appendix D Membrane Resistance Stud
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Table D-3 Experimental Data for Det
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Table D-4 Experimental Data for Det
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Pressure (kPa) Pressure (kPa) 25 20
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Appendix E MBR without Ammonia Stri
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Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
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Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
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Table E-3 Variation in TMP with Tim
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Appendix F Ammonia Stripping Studie
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Table F-5 Pilot Scale Study on Ammo
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Table G-1 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
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Table G-3 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
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Appendix H Other Studies 179
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Table H-2 Membrane Resistance of th
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Table H-6 Chemical Cost for the Yea
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