Thesis - faculty.ait.ac.th - Asian Institute of Technology

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TKN Removal (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 4.5 Other Studies Figure 4.35 TKN Removal in MBR Process at 16 and 24 h HRT 4.5.1 Biodegradability of the Leachate Without Ammonia Stripping With Ammonia Stripping BMBR-16h BMBR-24h YMBR-16h YMBR-24h Landfill leachates are usually compared to complex industrial wastewater streams which contain both toxic organic and inorganic contaminants (Krug and McDougall, 1988). Toxic and hazardous compounds can originate from landfill leachate as a result of soluble components of solid and liquid wastes being leachate into surface and groundwater. The COD present in any wastewater can be categorized into two fractions: biodegradable and non-biodegradable COD. The non-biodegradable COD has two subfractions consisting of dissolved non-biodegradable organics and suspended nonbiodegradable organics. The same way, the biodegradable COD has two fractions comprising dissolved readily biodegradable organics (Ss) and suspended slowly biodegradable organics (Xs) (Ekama, et al., 1986; Vanrolleghem, et al., 1999). Respirometric method could be effective in measuring the biodegradable component of the landfill leachate. During the feed period the rate of supply of Ss is due to that added via the influent feed and that realized to the liquid via hydrolysis of Xs. After the supply of Ss from the feed ceases; OUR immediately drops to the value, which is fixed by the rate of Ss supply from the hydrolysis of slowly degradable particular COD, Xs. In a batch test, an exponential decrease can be observed in respirogram after an initial peak formed due to the presence of Ss in the leachate. The concentration of Xs can also be assessed in a similar way (Kappeler and Gujer, 1992). To find out the biodegradable component present in the leachate, a leachate substrate concentration of 43.2 mg COD/L was injected into respirometer containing a sludge concentration of 924 mg VSS/L. OUR was measured at a temperature of 30 o C. The variation in OUR with time is shown in Figure 4.36. The readily biodegradable COD 106
fraction and slowly biodegradable COD fraction in the influent are related to the oxygen utilization. The former is proportional to the area between the initial high OUR plot and horizontal line projected to the vertical axis at the level of the second OUR plateau (Area I). The latter is proportional to the area II. Area II includes the utilization rate of endogenous sludge. The oxygen utilization in the two phases is given as follows: Area I = OUR * Time * MLVSS * Volume of respirometer = 8.57 mg O2 Area II = OUR * Time * MLVSS * Volume of respirometer = 12.89 mg O2 OUR (mg/mg.h) 0.014 0.012 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 Area I Area II 0 100 200 300 400 500 Time (min) Figure 4.36 Change of OUR at Different Time Period for Leachate Sample After obtaining the oxygen consumption, the yield coefficient was calculated by the formulae, Yield coefficient (Y) = CODT – OC CODT = 38.88 – 21.46 = 0.45 38.88 Where, CODT = Total COD OC = Oxygen Consumption The readily biodegradable COD (Ss) and slowly biodegradable COD (Xs) can be calculated as follows: 107
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APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR
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Abstract Landfill leachate is a com
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Table of Contents Chapter Title Pag
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4.5.6 Cost Analysis for Operation 1
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4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Concentr
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4.16 COD Concentration in the Influ
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MWCO Molecular Weight Cut-off MWW M
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1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
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generally unsuccessful in removal o
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2.1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literatu
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In the municipal solid waste landfi
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COD/TOC, VS/FS and VFA/TOC ratios o
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Table 2.3 presents the general leac
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Ground water 2.7.1 Seasonal Variati
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Table 2.5 Variation of COD, BOD & B
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entails the re-circulation of leach
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Table 2.8 Summary of Biokinetic Coe
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that extensive loss of nitrogen (up
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ammonia could only be achieved when
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Table 2.10 Treatment Efficiencies o
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Activated Carbon Adsorption Granula
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Colloidal material as well as metal
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iologically, physical-chemical proc
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Ammonia Stripping Air stripping of
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These systems are land intensive wh
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the biological treatment can be rep
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Table 2.16 Typical Leachate Composi
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influent reached 200 mg/L. For the
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Table 2.18 Advantages and Disadvant
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through the effluent. Different ope
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Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids and D
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2.12 Yeasts 2.12.1 Introduction The
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Nishihara ESRC Ltd. (2001) studied
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nitrification-denitrification proce
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.1 Composition of Simulated
Page 71 and 72: 3.4.1 Ammonia Toxicity The experime
Page 73 and 74: Figure 3.4 Experiments Conducted to
Page 75 and 76: Leachate Option Ammonia Stripping R
Page 77 and 78: MW larger than 50 kDa, (2) MW betwe
Page 79 and 80: Figure 3.7 Flowchart Showing Ammoni
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 4.
Page 83 and 84: COD Removal Effeciency (%) COD Remo
Page 85 and 86: MLSS (mg/L) 14000 12000 10000 8000
Page 87 and 88: Specific Growth Rate ( d -1 ) 0.50
Page 89 and 90: change in the predominant species w
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Co
Page 93 and 94: Table 4.5 Substrate Utilization by
Page 95 and 96: 4.3.1 Initial Membrane Resistance P
Page 97 and 98: when compared with the present stud
Page 99 and 100: COD Removal Efficiency (%) 90 80 70
Page 101 and 102: (2) TKN Removal Efficiency Prior to
Page 103 and 104: As there was no significant improve
Page 105 and 106: The probable reason for frequent fo
Page 107 and 108: Ammonia Concentration (mg/L) Ammoni
Page 109 and 110: concentration after treatment. Othe
Page 111 and 112: After the chemical cleaning of the
Page 113 and 114: emoval of 38%. A higher removal in
Page 115 and 116: Influent BOD (mg/L) Influent BOD (m
Page 117 and 118: (3) TKN Removal Efficiency The TKN
Page 119: Figure 4.34 gives the overall TKN r
Page 123 and 124: BOD (mg/L) BOD (mg/L) 6000 5000 400
Page 125 and 126: Figure 4.39 Molecular Weight Cut-of
Page 127 and 128: COD (mg/L) 8000 6000 4000 2000 COD
Page 129 and 130: Though, the obtained COD removal ef
Page 131 and 132: cake used on the top of the membran
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommend
Page 135 and 136: 0.02, respectively. This can be con
Page 137 and 138: References Abeling, U., and Seyfrie
Page 139 and 140: Brown, M.J., and Lester, J.N., 1980
Page 141 and 142: Diamadopoulos, E., 1994. Characteri
Page 143 and 144: Grady, C.P.L., Daigger, G.T., and L
Page 145 and 146: Keenan, J.D., Steiner, R.L., and Fu
Page 147 and 148: Martin, G.M.A., Auzmenti, A.I., and
Page 149 and 150: Pohland, F.G., and Harper, S.R., 19
Page 151 and 152: Shin, H.S., An, H., Kang, S.T., Cho
Page 153 and 154: Visvanathan, C., Ben Aim, R., and P
Page 155 and 156: Appendix A Pictures of Experiments
Page 157 and 158: Raw Leachate YMBR Effluent BMBR Eff
Page 159 and 160: Appendix B Leachate Characteristics
Page 161 and 162: Table B-2 Acclimation of Mixed Yeas
Page 163 and 164: Appendix C Experimental Data of Bio
Page 165 and 166: y: Where: OUR at line g: This is th
Page 167 and 168: Table C-3 Experimental Results for
Page 169 and 170: Appendix D Membrane Resistance Stud
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Table D-3 Experimental Data for Det
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Table D-4 Experimental Data for Det
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Pressure (kPa) Pressure (kPa) 25 20
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Appendix E MBR without Ammonia Stri
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Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
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Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
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Table E-3 Variation in TMP with Tim
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Appendix F Ammonia Stripping Studie
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Table F-5 Pilot Scale Study on Ammo
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Table G-1 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
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Table G-3 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
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Appendix H Other Studies 179
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Table H-2 Membrane Resistance of th
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Table H-6 Chemical Cost for the Yea
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