Thesis - faculty.ait.ac.th - Asian Institute of Technology

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MBR system should be explained the behavior of the accumulated soluble organic compounds. In addition, for better understanding of the characteristics of organic substances in MBR, the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and its compositions should be analyzed to investigate the transformation of organic substances. 3. It is well known that landfill leachate, containing non-biodegradable and toxic organic compounds caused important environmental problems. Thus, the degradation of refractory organic compounds before and after treatments should be further studied in terms of the degradation of some substances such as the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), BTEX, aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic ketone. 4. Landfill leachate is a complex wastewater with considerable variation in both quality and quantity. The characteristics of leachate, particularly in terms of biodegradability, change as a landfill ages; it is difficult to treat leachate from a medium site and an old site using a one-stage membrane bioreactor (MBR). Based on our encouraging results, the treated leachate nevertheless still contains the refractory organic compounds, which are difficult to degrade. Therefore, further research should be performed on an advanced treatment such as nanofiltration, electrochemical oxidation, or photoassisted fenton methods to treat the recalcitrant organic substances. These methods might elevate the water quality of the final effluent to meet the present effluent standard. In addition, for better understanding of the characteristics of organic substances in treated leachate, the MWD and its compositions should be analyzed to indicate the extent of organic removal in each fraction with HPLC, LC- MS for all treatments. 5. There is a problem regarding foaming in the MBR system due to inadequate dosage of antifoam chemicals. This should be controlled by using a peristaltic pump. 122
References Abeling, U., and Seyfried, C.F., 1992. Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of High Strength Ammonium Wastewater- Nitrogen Removal via Nitrite. Water Science and Technology, 26 (5-6): 1007-1015. Abeliovich, A., and Azov, Y., 1976. Toxicity of Ammonia to Algae in Sewage Oxidation Ponds. Apply Environmental Microbiology, 31: 801-806. Agamuthu, P., 1999. Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste and Leachate from Selected Landfills in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science, 18: 99-103. Ahn, W.Y., Kang, M.S., Yim, S.K., and Choi, K.H., 1999. Nitrification of Leachate with Submerged Membrane Bioreactor: Pilot Scale. Proceedings IWA Conference Membrane Technology in environmental Management, Tokyo, Japan: 432-435. Ahn, W.Y., Kang, M.S., Yim, S.K., and Choi, K.H., 2002. Advanced Landfill Leachate Treatment Using an Integrated Membrane Process. Desalination, 149: 109-114. Albers, H., and Kruckeberg, G., 1992. Combination of Aerobic Pre-treatment, Carbon Adsorption and Coagulation. In: Landfill of Waste: Leachate. Edited by Christensen, T.H., Cossu, R., and Stegmann, R. Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., England: ISBN: 1-85- 166733-4: 305-312. Amokrane, A., Comel, C., and Vernon, J., 1997. Landfill Leachates Pre-treatment by Coagulation-Flocculation. Water Research, 31(11): 2775-2782. Andreux, F., 1979. Genese et Proprietes des Molecules Humiques. In Pedologie, Constituants et Proprietes du Sol, Paris, France: 97-122. Arnold, J.D., Knapp, J.S., and Johnson, C.L., 2000. The Use of Yeasts to Reduce the Polluting Potential of Silage Effluent. Water Research, 34(15): 3699-3708. Andreottola, G., and Cannas, P., 1992. Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Landfill Leachate. In: Landfill of Waste: Leachate. Edited by Christensen, T.H., Cossu, R., and Stegmann, R. Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., England: ISBN: 1-85-166733-4: 65-88. APHA, AWWA, WPCF, 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20 th Edition, Washington DC, USA. ISBN 0-87553-235-7. Avezzu, F., Bissolotti, G., and Collivignarelli, C., 1992. Combination of Wet Oxidation and Activated Sludge Treatment. In: Landfill of Waste: Leachate. Edited by Christensen, T.H., Cossu, R., and Stegmann, R. Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., England: ISBN: 1-85- 166733-4: 333-352. Bae, J.H., Kim, S.K., and Chang, H.S., 1997. Treatment of Landfill Leachates: Ammonia Removal via Nitrification and Denitrification and further COD reduction via Fenton’s Treatment followed by Activated Sludge. Water Science and Technology, 36 (12): 341- 348. 123
Page 1 and 2:
APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR
Page 3 and 4:
Abstract Landfill leachate is a com
Page 5 and 6:
Table of Contents Chapter Title Pag
Page 7 and 8:
4.5.6 Cost Analysis for Operation 1
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4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Concentr
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4.16 COD Concentration in the Influ
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MWCO Molecular Weight Cut-off MWW M
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1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
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generally unsuccessful in removal o
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2.1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literatu
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In the municipal solid waste landfi
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COD/TOC, VS/FS and VFA/TOC ratios o
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Table 2.3 presents the general leac
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Ground water 2.7.1 Seasonal Variati
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Table 2.5 Variation of COD, BOD & B
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entails the re-circulation of leach
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Table 2.8 Summary of Biokinetic Coe
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that extensive loss of nitrogen (up
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ammonia could only be achieved when
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Table 2.10 Treatment Efficiencies o
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Activated Carbon Adsorption Granula
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Colloidal material as well as metal
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iologically, physical-chemical proc
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Ammonia Stripping Air stripping of
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These systems are land intensive wh
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the biological treatment can be rep
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Table 2.16 Typical Leachate Composi
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influent reached 200 mg/L. For the
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Table 2.18 Advantages and Disadvant
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through the effluent. Different ope
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Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids and D
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2.12 Yeasts 2.12.1 Introduction The
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Nishihara ESRC Ltd. (2001) studied
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nitrification-denitrification proce
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Table 3.1 Composition of Simulated
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3.4.1 Ammonia Toxicity The experime
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Figure 3.4 Experiments Conducted to
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Leachate Option Ammonia Stripping R
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MW larger than 50 kDa, (2) MW betwe
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Figure 3.7 Flowchart Showing Ammoni
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Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 4.
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COD Removal Effeciency (%) COD Remo
Page 85 and 86: MLSS (mg/L) 14000 12000 10000 8000
Page 87 and 88: Specific Growth Rate ( d -1 ) 0.50
Page 89 and 90: change in the predominant species w
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Co
Page 93 and 94: Table 4.5 Substrate Utilization by
Page 95 and 96: 4.3.1 Initial Membrane Resistance P
Page 97 and 98: when compared with the present stud
Page 99 and 100: COD Removal Efficiency (%) 90 80 70
Page 101 and 102: (2) TKN Removal Efficiency Prior to
Page 103 and 104: As there was no significant improve
Page 105 and 106: The probable reason for frequent fo
Page 107 and 108: Ammonia Concentration (mg/L) Ammoni
Page 109 and 110: concentration after treatment. Othe
Page 111 and 112: After the chemical cleaning of the
Page 113 and 114: emoval of 38%. A higher removal in
Page 115 and 116: Influent BOD (mg/L) Influent BOD (m
Page 117 and 118: (3) TKN Removal Efficiency The TKN
Page 119 and 120: Figure 4.34 gives the overall TKN r
Page 121 and 122: fraction and slowly biodegradable C
Page 123 and 124: BOD (mg/L) BOD (mg/L) 6000 5000 400
Page 125 and 126: Figure 4.39 Molecular Weight Cut-of
Page 127 and 128: COD (mg/L) 8000 6000 4000 2000 COD
Page 129 and 130: Though, the obtained COD removal ef
Page 131 and 132: cake used on the top of the membran
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommend
Page 135: 0.02, respectively. This can be con
Page 139 and 140: Brown, M.J., and Lester, J.N., 1980
Page 141 and 142: Diamadopoulos, E., 1994. Characteri
Page 143 and 144: Grady, C.P.L., Daigger, G.T., and L
Page 145 and 146: Keenan, J.D., Steiner, R.L., and Fu
Page 147 and 148: Martin, G.M.A., Auzmenti, A.I., and
Page 149 and 150: Pohland, F.G., and Harper, S.R., 19
Page 151 and 152: Shin, H.S., An, H., Kang, S.T., Cho
Page 153 and 154: Visvanathan, C., Ben Aim, R., and P
Page 155 and 156: Appendix A Pictures of Experiments
Page 157 and 158: Raw Leachate YMBR Effluent BMBR Eff
Page 159 and 160: Appendix B Leachate Characteristics
Page 161 and 162: Table B-2 Acclimation of Mixed Yeas
Page 163 and 164: Appendix C Experimental Data of Bio
Page 165 and 166: y: Where: OUR at line g: This is th
Page 167 and 168: Table C-3 Experimental Results for
Page 169 and 170: Appendix D Membrane Resistance Stud
Page 171 and 172: Table D-3 Experimental Data for Det
Page 173 and 174: Table D-4 Experimental Data for Det
Page 175 and 176: Pressure (kPa) Pressure (kPa) 25 20
Page 177 and 178: Appendix E MBR without Ammonia Stri
Page 179 and 180: Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
Page 181 and 182: Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
Page 183 and 184: Table E-3 Variation in TMP with Tim
Page 185 and 186: Appendix F Ammonia Stripping Studie
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Table F-5 Pilot Scale Study on Ammo
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Table G-1 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
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Table G-3 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
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Appendix H Other Studies 179
Page 195 and 196:
Table H-2 Membrane Resistance of th
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Table H-6 Chemical Cost for the Yea
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