Thesis - faculty.ait.ac.th - Asian Institute of Technology

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2.13 Rationale for the Study and Proposed Treatment Sequence 52 2.13.1 Leachate Characteristic 52 2.13.2 Need for Ammonia Stripping 52 2.13.3 Need for Membrane Bioreactors 53 3 Methodology 54 3.1 Introduction 54 3.2 Leachate Characterization 54 3.3 Seed Study 55 3.3.1 Yeast and Bacterial Sludge 55 3.3.2 Acclimatization 56 3.4 Toxicity Studies 56 3.4.1 Ammonia Toxicity 57 3.4.2 Lead Toxicity 58 3.5 Ammonia Stripping 58 3.6 Membrane Bioreactor 59 3.6.1 Membrane Resistance Measurement 59 3.6.2 Experimental Set-up 60 3.6.3 Parametric Studies 62 3.6.4 Molecular Weight Distribution 62 3.6.5 Sludge Characterization 64 3.7 Ammonia Stripping Coupled Membrane Bioreactor 64 3.8 Analytical Methods 65 4 Results and Discussion 67 4.1 Simulation of Leachate Characteristic for Treatment of Middle Aged Leachate 67 4.2 Biokinetic Studies 68 4.2.1 Acclimatization of Mixed Yeast and Bacterial Sludge 68 4.2.2 Kinetics of Yeast and Bacterial Growth 72 4.2.3 Toxicity Studies 75 4.3 Application of Yeast and Bacteria Based Membrane Bioreactors in Leachate Treatment 80 4.3.1 Initial Membrane Resistance 81 4.3.2 Optimization of HRT in Terms of Membrane Bioreactor Treatment Efficiency 82 4.3.3 Membrane Fouling and Membrane Resistance 89 4.4 Application of Yeast and Bacteria Based Membrane Bioreactors in Ammonia Stripped Leachate Treatment 91 4.4.1 Ammonia Stripping Studies 91 4.4.2 Membrane Resistance and Membrane Cleaning 95 4.4.3 Performance of Ammonia Stripping Coupled Membrane Bioreactor Process 97 4.5 Other Studies 106 4.5.1 Biodegradability of the Leachate 106 4.5.2 Molecular Weight Cut-off 110 4.5.3 Sludge Properties 115 4.5.4 EPS Formation 116 4.5.5 Conductivity and TDS 117 vi
4.5.6 Cost Analysis for Operation 117 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 119 5.1 Conclusions 119 5.2 Recommendations for Future Work 121 References 123 Appendix A: Pictures of Experiments 141 Appendix B: Leachate Characteristics and Experimental Data of Acclimation 145 Appendix C: Experimental Data of Biokinetic Study and Toxicity Study 149 Appendix D: Membrane Resistance Studies 155 Appendix E: MBR without Ammonia Stripping 163 Appendix F: Ammonia Stripping Studies 171 Appendix G: MBR with Ammonia Stripping 174 Appendix H: Other Studies 179 vii
Page 1 and 2: APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Landfill leachate is a com
Page 5: Table of Contents Chapter Title Pag
Page 9 and 10: 4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Concentr
Page 11 and 12: 4.16 COD Concentration in the Influ
Page 13 and 14: MWCO Molecular Weight Cut-off MWW M
Page 15 and 16: 1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
Page 17 and 18: generally unsuccessful in removal o
Page 19 and 20: 2.1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literatu
Page 21 and 22: In the municipal solid waste landfi
Page 23 and 24: COD/TOC, VS/FS and VFA/TOC ratios o
Page 25 and 26: Table 2.3 presents the general leac
Page 27 and 28: Ground water 2.7.1 Seasonal Variati
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.5 Variation of COD, BOD & B
Page 31 and 32: entails the re-circulation of leach
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.8 Summary of Biokinetic Coe
Page 35 and 36: that extensive loss of nitrogen (up
Page 37 and 38: ammonia could only be achieved when
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.10 Treatment Efficiencies o
Page 41 and 42: Activated Carbon Adsorption Granula
Page 43 and 44: Colloidal material as well as metal
Page 45 and 46: iologically, physical-chemical proc
Page 47 and 48: Ammonia Stripping Air stripping of
Page 49 and 50: These systems are land intensive wh
Page 51 and 52: the biological treatment can be rep
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.16 Typical Leachate Composi
Page 55 and 56: influent reached 200 mg/L. For the
Page 57 and 58:
Table 2.18 Advantages and Disadvant
Page 59 and 60:
through the effluent. Different ope
Page 61 and 62:
Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids and D
Page 63 and 64:
2.12 Yeasts 2.12.1 Introduction The
Page 65 and 66:
Nishihara ESRC Ltd. (2001) studied
Page 67 and 68:
nitrification-denitrification proce
Page 69 and 70:
Table 3.1 Composition of Simulated
Page 71 and 72:
3.4.1 Ammonia Toxicity The experime
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 3.4 Experiments Conducted to
Page 75 and 76:
Leachate Option Ammonia Stripping R
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MW larger than 50 kDa, (2) MW betwe
Page 79 and 80:
Figure 3.7 Flowchart Showing Ammoni
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Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 4.
Page 83 and 84:
COD Removal Effeciency (%) COD Remo
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MLSS (mg/L) 14000 12000 10000 8000
Page 87 and 88:
Specific Growth Rate ( d -1 ) 0.50
Page 89 and 90:
change in the predominant species w
Page 91 and 92:
Table 4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Co
Page 93 and 94:
Table 4.5 Substrate Utilization by
Page 95 and 96:
4.3.1 Initial Membrane Resistance P
Page 97 and 98:
when compared with the present stud
Page 99 and 100:
COD Removal Efficiency (%) 90 80 70
Page 101 and 102:
(2) TKN Removal Efficiency Prior to
Page 103 and 104:
As there was no significant improve
Page 105 and 106:
The probable reason for frequent fo
Page 107 and 108:
Ammonia Concentration (mg/L) Ammoni
Page 109 and 110:
concentration after treatment. Othe
Page 111 and 112:
After the chemical cleaning of the
Page 113 and 114:
emoval of 38%. A higher removal in
Page 115 and 116:
Influent BOD (mg/L) Influent BOD (m
Page 117 and 118:
(3) TKN Removal Efficiency The TKN
Page 119 and 120:
Figure 4.34 gives the overall TKN r
Page 121 and 122:
fraction and slowly biodegradable C
Page 123 and 124:
BOD (mg/L) BOD (mg/L) 6000 5000 400
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Figure 4.39 Molecular Weight Cut-of
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COD (mg/L) 8000 6000 4000 2000 COD
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Though, the obtained COD removal ef
Page 131 and 132:
cake used on the top of the membran
Page 133 and 134:
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommend
Page 135 and 136:
0.02, respectively. This can be con
Page 137 and 138:
References Abeling, U., and Seyfrie
Page 139 and 140:
Brown, M.J., and Lester, J.N., 1980
Page 141 and 142:
Diamadopoulos, E., 1994. Characteri
Page 143 and 144:
Grady, C.P.L., Daigger, G.T., and L
Page 145 and 146:
Keenan, J.D., Steiner, R.L., and Fu
Page 147 and 148:
Martin, G.M.A., Auzmenti, A.I., and
Page 149 and 150:
Pohland, F.G., and Harper, S.R., 19
Page 151 and 152:
Shin, H.S., An, H., Kang, S.T., Cho
Page 153 and 154:
Visvanathan, C., Ben Aim, R., and P
Page 155 and 156:
Appendix A Pictures of Experiments
Page 157 and 158:
Raw Leachate YMBR Effluent BMBR Eff
Page 159 and 160:
Appendix B Leachate Characteristics
Page 161 and 162:
Table B-2 Acclimation of Mixed Yeas
Page 163 and 164:
Appendix C Experimental Data of Bio
Page 165 and 166:
y: Where: OUR at line g: This is th
Page 167 and 168:
Table C-3 Experimental Results for
Page 169 and 170:
Appendix D Membrane Resistance Stud
Page 171 and 172:
Table D-3 Experimental Data for Det
Page 173 and 174:
Table D-4 Experimental Data for Det
Page 175 and 176:
Pressure (kPa) Pressure (kPa) 25 20
Page 177 and 178:
Appendix E MBR without Ammonia Stri
Page 179 and 180:
Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
Page 181 and 182:
Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
Page 183 and 184:
Table E-3 Variation in TMP with Tim
Page 185 and 186:
Appendix F Ammonia Stripping Studie
Page 187 and 188:
Table F-5 Pilot Scale Study on Ammo
Page 189 and 190:
Table G-1 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
Page 191 and 192:
Table G-3 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
Page 193 and 194:
Appendix H Other Studies 179
Page 195 and 196:
Table H-2 Membrane Resistance of th
Page 197:
Table H-6 Chemical Cost for the Yea
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Thesis - faculty.ait.ac.th - Asian Institute of Technology

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