Thesis - faculty.ait.ac.th - Asian Institute of Technology

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List of Tables Tables Title Page 2.1 Leachate Characteristic in Acidogenic and Methanogenic Phase in a Landfill 8 2.2 Comparison of Leachate Characteristics of Landfills Surveyed in Asia, Europe and America 10 2.3 Relation between Landfill Age, Leachate Characteristics and Treatments 11 2.4 Classification of Types of Substances Using Molecular Weight Cutoff 12 2.5 Variation of COD, BOD & BOD/COD with Increasing Landfill Ages 15 2.6 Nitrogen Concentrations from Various Sources 15 2.7 Nitrogen Concentration Ranges in the Leachate for Landfill Stabilization 15 2.8 Summary of Biokinetic Coefficient of Activated Sludge Process for Landfill Leachate Treatment 19 2.9 Operational and Environmental Conditions for Nitrification- Denitrification Processes 23 2.10 Treatment Efficiencies of Different Aerobic Biological Treatment Systems 25 2.11 Treatment Efficiencies of Different Anaerobic Biological Treatment Systems 26 2.12 Membrane Processes 28 2.13 Removal Efficiency of Moderate to High Concentrations of Pollutants Using Nanofiltration, Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis 28 2.14 Typical Reverse Osmosis Plant Performance for Leachate Purification, Germany 30 2.15 Treatment Efficiencies of Different Physico-chemical Treatment Systems 34 2.16 Typical Leachate Composition at Each Stage of Leachate Treatment Plant 39 2.17 Inhibitory Effect of Various Toxicants 41 2.18 Advantages and Disadvantages of Membrane Bioreactors 43 2.19 Operating Conditions of Membrane Bioreactor Process for Treatment of Different Kinds of Wastewater 46 2.20 Operating Conditions of Yeast System Compared with Activated Sludge Process 51 2.21 Performance of Yeast Based Treatment System in Dried Food Products and Marine Product Industry 51 3.1 Composition of Simulated Leachate 55 3.2 Operating Conditions for Yeast and Bacteria Acclimatization 56 3.3 Operating Conditions for Yeast and Bacteria Mixtures in Respirometer 57 3.4 Description of the Chemical Cleaning 60 3.5 Technical Parameters of the Experimental Plant 60 3.6 Experimental Operating Conditions of YMBR and BMBR Systems 62 3.7 Characteristics of Ultrafiltration Membrane 64 3.8 Parameters and Their Analytical Methods 66 4.1 Compositions of Leachate Simulated from Leachates Obtained from Pathum-thani Landfill Site (PS) and Ram-Indra Transfer Station (RIS) 67 4.2 Biokinetic Coefficients of Yeast and Bacteria Sludge for the Leachates 74 4.3 Effect of Free Ammonia Concentration on Yield Coefficient and the Specific Growth Rate of the Bacterial Sludge 76 viii
4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Concentration on Yield Coefficient and the Specific Growth Rate of the Yeast Sludge 77 4.5 Substrate Utilization by the Yeast and Bacterial Sludge 79 4.6 COD Removal Efficiency in YMBR System at Different HRT 85 4.7 COD Removal Efficiency in BMBR System at Different HRT 86 4.8 TKN Removal Efficiency in YMBR System 88 4.9 TKN Removal Efficiency in BMBR System 88 4.10 Membrane Cleaning Frequency in the MBR Systems 90 4.11 Membrane Resistance in the MBR Systems 90 4.12 Variation in Ammonia Removal Efficiency 94 4.13 Determination of Membrane Resistance of Membrane Module after Clogging in BMBR system (A = 0.42 m2; Pore Size = 0.1 µm) 96 4.14 Contribution of BOD at 5, 10 and 15 Days to the Total 20 Days BOD 108 4.15 Sludge Properties in the YMBR and BMBR Systems 115 4.16 MLSS and MLVSS Concentrations in Yeast and Bacteria Reactors 116 4.17 Bound EPS Concentration in the YMBR and BMBR Systems 116 4.18 Soluble EPS Concentration in the YMBR and BMBR Systems 116 4.19 Conductivity and TDS Concentrations in Leachate and Effluents 117 4.20 Cost of Chemical Used for pH Adjustment 118 4.21 Total Chemical Cost Requirement for Each Treatment System 118 ix
Page 1 and 2: APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Landfill leachate is a com
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Chapter Title Pag
Page 7: 4.5.6 Cost Analysis for Operation 1
Page 11 and 12: 4.16 COD Concentration in the Influ
Page 13 and 14: MWCO Molecular Weight Cut-off MWW M
Page 15 and 16: 1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
Page 17 and 18: generally unsuccessful in removal o
Page 19 and 20: 2.1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literatu
Page 21 and 22: In the municipal solid waste landfi
Page 23 and 24: COD/TOC, VS/FS and VFA/TOC ratios o
Page 25 and 26: Table 2.3 presents the general leac
Page 27 and 28: Ground water 2.7.1 Seasonal Variati
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.5 Variation of COD, BOD & B
Page 31 and 32: entails the re-circulation of leach
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.8 Summary of Biokinetic Coe
Page 35 and 36: that extensive loss of nitrogen (up
Page 37 and 38: ammonia could only be achieved when
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.10 Treatment Efficiencies o
Page 41 and 42: Activated Carbon Adsorption Granula
Page 43 and 44: Colloidal material as well as metal
Page 45 and 46: iologically, physical-chemical proc
Page 47 and 48: Ammonia Stripping Air stripping of
Page 49 and 50: These systems are land intensive wh
Page 51 and 52: the biological treatment can be rep
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.16 Typical Leachate Composi
Page 55 and 56: influent reached 200 mg/L. For the
Page 57 and 58: Table 2.18 Advantages and Disadvant
Page 59 and 60:
through the effluent. Different ope
Page 61 and 62:
Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids and D
Page 63 and 64:
2.12 Yeasts 2.12.1 Introduction The
Page 65 and 66:
Nishihara ESRC Ltd. (2001) studied
Page 67 and 68:
nitrification-denitrification proce
Page 69 and 70:
Table 3.1 Composition of Simulated
Page 71 and 72:
3.4.1 Ammonia Toxicity The experime
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 3.4 Experiments Conducted to
Page 75 and 76:
Leachate Option Ammonia Stripping R
Page 77 and 78:
MW larger than 50 kDa, (2) MW betwe
Page 79 and 80:
Figure 3.7 Flowchart Showing Ammoni
Page 81 and 82:
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 4.
Page 83 and 84:
COD Removal Effeciency (%) COD Remo
Page 85 and 86:
MLSS (mg/L) 14000 12000 10000 8000
Page 87 and 88:
Specific Growth Rate ( d -1 ) 0.50
Page 89 and 90:
change in the predominant species w
Page 91 and 92:
Table 4.4 Effect of Free Ammonia Co
Page 93 and 94:
Table 4.5 Substrate Utilization by
Page 95 and 96:
4.3.1 Initial Membrane Resistance P
Page 97 and 98:
when compared with the present stud
Page 99 and 100:
COD Removal Efficiency (%) 90 80 70
Page 101 and 102:
(2) TKN Removal Efficiency Prior to
Page 103 and 104:
As there was no significant improve
Page 105 and 106:
The probable reason for frequent fo
Page 107 and 108:
Ammonia Concentration (mg/L) Ammoni
Page 109 and 110:
concentration after treatment. Othe
Page 111 and 112:
After the chemical cleaning of the
Page 113 and 114:
emoval of 38%. A higher removal in
Page 115 and 116:
Influent BOD (mg/L) Influent BOD (m
Page 117 and 118:
(3) TKN Removal Efficiency The TKN
Page 119 and 120:
Figure 4.34 gives the overall TKN r
Page 121 and 122:
fraction and slowly biodegradable C
Page 123 and 124:
BOD (mg/L) BOD (mg/L) 6000 5000 400
Page 125 and 126:
Figure 4.39 Molecular Weight Cut-of
Page 127 and 128:
COD (mg/L) 8000 6000 4000 2000 COD
Page 129 and 130:
Though, the obtained COD removal ef
Page 131 and 132:
cake used on the top of the membran
Page 133 and 134:
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommend
Page 135 and 136:
0.02, respectively. This can be con
Page 137 and 138:
References Abeling, U., and Seyfrie
Page 139 and 140:
Brown, M.J., and Lester, J.N., 1980
Page 141 and 142:
Diamadopoulos, E., 1994. Characteri
Page 143 and 144:
Grady, C.P.L., Daigger, G.T., and L
Page 145 and 146:
Keenan, J.D., Steiner, R.L., and Fu
Page 147 and 148:
Martin, G.M.A., Auzmenti, A.I., and
Page 149 and 150:
Pohland, F.G., and Harper, S.R., 19
Page 151 and 152:
Shin, H.S., An, H., Kang, S.T., Cho
Page 153 and 154:
Visvanathan, C., Ben Aim, R., and P
Page 155 and 156:
Appendix A Pictures of Experiments
Page 157 and 158:
Raw Leachate YMBR Effluent BMBR Eff
Page 159 and 160:
Appendix B Leachate Characteristics
Page 161 and 162:
Table B-2 Acclimation of Mixed Yeas
Page 163 and 164:
Appendix C Experimental Data of Bio
Page 165 and 166:
y: Where: OUR at line g: This is th
Page 167 and 168:
Table C-3 Experimental Results for
Page 169 and 170:
Appendix D Membrane Resistance Stud
Page 171 and 172:
Table D-3 Experimental Data for Det
Page 173 and 174:
Table D-4 Experimental Data for Det
Page 175 and 176:
Pressure (kPa) Pressure (kPa) 25 20
Page 177 and 178:
Appendix E MBR without Ammonia Stri
Page 179 and 180:
Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
Page 181 and 182:
Day HRT (h) pH COD (mg/L) Feed Reac
Page 183 and 184:
Table E-3 Variation in TMP with Tim
Page 185 and 186:
Appendix F Ammonia Stripping Studie
Page 187 and 188:
Table F-5 Pilot Scale Study on Ammo
Page 189 and 190:
Table G-1 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
Page 191 and 192:
Table G-3 Feed, Reactor and Effluen
Page 193 and 194:
Appendix H Other Studies 179
Page 195 and 196:
Table H-2 Membrane Resistance of th
Page 197:
Table H-6 Chemical Cost for the Yea
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Thesis - faculty.ait.ac.th - Asian Institute of Technology

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