Breakthrough Technologies Institute - Fuel Cells 2000

zero evaporative emissions and emission control equipment must have a 15year/150,000
mile warranty.
• ATPZEV (Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emission Vehicle): A sub-category
of California’s PZEV designation, ATPZEVs must meet all of the PZEV criteria and,
in addition, must also make use of additional "ZEV-enabling clean" technology such
as alternative fuel, electric drive, or other advanced technology system.
• ZEV (Zero Emission Vehicle): California’s most stringent emissions category,
ZEVs must have zero tailpipe emissions be 98% cleaner than the average new
model year vehicle (98% cleaner than LEVs). These include battery electric vehicles
and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
• ILEV (Inherently Low Emission Vehicle): A federal designation, ILEV exists
between the LEV and ULEV categories. ILEV vehicles are clean-fueled with
essentially no fuel vapor emissions and operate using single dedicated gaseous fuel
systems. Vehicles that operate on more than one fuel and/or an alcohol fuel cannot
be classified as an ILEV vehicle, nor can hybrid-electric vehicles because their
engines use conventional gasoline. Since ZEVs are non-hybrid electric powered
vehicles with no emissions, all certified ZEVs can be considered as ZEV-ILEVs.
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