Introductory - Global Sikh Studies

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308 In this Kali age and at all times there is great confidence in the powerful arm of the Sword, (Ibid, V, pp. 286-7) The divine Guru sent me for religion’s sake: On this account I have come into the world Extend the faith everywhere; Seize and destroy the evil and the sinful. Understand this, ye holy men, in your souls. I assumed birth for the purpose Of spreading the faith. saving the saints, And extirpating all tyrants. AI! the first incarnations Caused men to repeat their names. They killed no one who had offended against God, And they struck out no path of real religion. (Ibid. V, pp. 300-301) All-death saveth all His saints; He hath tortured and destroyed all sinners; (Ibid, V, p. 306) I am the son of a brave man, not of a Brahman; how can I perform austerities? How can r turn my attention to Thee, O Lord, and forsake domestic affairs? Now be pleased to grant me the boon I crave with clasped hands, That when the end of my life cometh, I may die fighting in a mighty battle. Blest is his life in this world who repeateth God’s name with his mouth and meditateth war in his heart. The body is fleeting and shall not abide for ever; man embarking in the ship of fame shall cross the ocean of the world Make this body a house of resignation; light thine understanding as a lamp; Take the broom of divine knowledge into thy hand, and sweep away the filth of timidity. (Ibid, V, pp. 312-3)
309 References CHAPTER I <strong>Introductory</strong> 1 Elton, Lord: The Revolutionary Idea in France, pp, 1-14 2 Ibid, pp. 3-4. 3 Ibid, p. 3 4 Irvine, W. : Later Mughals, I, pp. 98-99 5 Cited by Hutton, J.H. : Caste in India, pp. 90-91 CHAPTER II The Caste and the Class 1 Muir, J. : Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1866), pp. 278-279 1a Senart, Emile: Caste in India, p. 152 2 Ibid, p. 114 3 Cited by Sykes, W.H. : J.R.A.S., Vol. 6, No. XII, p. 410 4 Hutton, J.H. : Caste in India, p. 140 5 Ibid, p. 142 6 Ibid, p. 143 7 Ibid, p. 147 8 Ibid, p. 144 9 Ibid, p. 141 9a Ibid, p. 143 10 Ibid, p. 147 11 Ibid, pp. 134, 13 5 12 Leage, R.W. : Roman Private Law, p. 14 (cited by Ghurye, G.S.: Caste and Race in India. p. 150) 12a Dhalla, M.N. : Zorastrian Civilization, pp. 78, 195, 296
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CHAPTER 1 Introductory The Sikh mov
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and a major factor having a great b
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5 CHAPTER II The Caste And The Clas
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the nature of these so-called Egypt
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caste order. In their case the reas
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own womenfolk strongly highlights t
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one direction only, viz., of downgr
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15 CHAPTER III The Directive Force
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17 designs of ornaments, of article
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20 reborn into Aryan-hood, viz., th
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outstanding feature of Buddhism is
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political ascendancy over a long pe
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when it had lost its validity as an
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28 a) Pre-eminence of Caste Status
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30 were self-revealed texts. Had th
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32 inviolability of the laws laid d
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34 In very few cases only are we li
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36 exceptional favours; but the one
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38 is stigmatized as a degrading oc
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40 hindered the development of any
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42 We have mentioned that the key t
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44 and voiding; of washing, rinsing
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that it became different to demarca
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48 with the Vedic Mantras’. 5 ‘
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50 Aryans in the pre-Vedic period.
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52 of the Sudra reached its climax
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All the same, social inequality was
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56 vouched for in the sacred Hindu
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58 CHAPTER VI The Caste Society, Is
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60 But, the exclusive allegiance to
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62 memories of their homeland, from
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64 doing so, they are often influen
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66 The Muslims, however, spread ove
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68 shake of completely even upto no
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70 CHAPTER VII The Radical Bhakti I
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72 than a mere call was needed. But
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74 glance at the events that led to
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76 And the emotional heights that t
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78 and even reputed miracles, were
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80 expectations of the down-trodden
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83 followed. These Bhakti sects wer
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85 CHAPTER IX The Sikh Ideology Wha
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87 cumulative result of all the thr
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89 announcement of supreme signific
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91 loves all men, the lowest and th
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93 self-centredness, is at the root
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95 whatsoever. The cumulative resul
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97 If all these go to the hell, the
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99 life. In principle there could b
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101 Singh expired with Wahiguru (Go
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103 CHAPTER X The Sikh Panth In vie
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105 (Vishnu) and Mahesh (Shivas).
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107 form or the other. The Buddhist
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109 message to others. In addition,
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111 spirit, the doctrine, the tenet
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113 the shaping of any such traditi
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115 CHAPTER XI Egalitarian Society
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117 not to the king. 2a Between a h
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119 times, a major achievement of G
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121 The Guru anointed him with his
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123 sequence of the Sikh doctrines
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125 Here we have good independent t
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127 castes ranging from Brahmins to
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129 selves, marriage outside the cl
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131 classes. No wonder the Plato’
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133 Secondly, as we have said, the
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135 is reflected by the fact that t
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137 hatred or class war; for this w
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139 still persist in creating diffi
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141 The drums will beat at every do
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143 trained in the use of arrows. T
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145 Muslim rulers; not out of world
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147 CHAPTER XIII Armed Struggle —
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149 able to usurp political power p
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151 Hindus patriotism consists in a
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153 2. Preliminary Stage The Khatri
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155 was supreme in both field. The
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157 them was that they were require
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159 and hence challenged the Sharia
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161 But, Jahangir held different vi
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163 Sikh Panth before Jahangir came
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165 round him ‘who were satisfied
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167 and the attendant circumstance
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169 emphatic were the Gurus in matt
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171 And extirpating all tyrants.”
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173 In this completely dark night o
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175 how this Sikh revolutionary mis
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177 4. Khalsa as an instrument of R
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179 Singh, the Guru cautioned him t
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181 From beginning to end, I reveal
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183 Upananya ceremony, they were no
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185 After his military successes, B
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187 advantages of terrain and a sec
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189 time in their history. Hunted l
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191 to do was to cut off their hair
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193 of the unflinching faith in the
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195 Guru went to the battlefield to
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197 order to wean him away from the
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199 of inspiration, energy and opti
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201 CHAPTER XVI Achievements The ac
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203 of India, taken over from the H
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205 Ramgarhias. Even today they for
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207 Rajputs will not allow inferior
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209 off the miasma of touch polluti
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211 him home. Arrived there, the} s
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213 CHAPTER XVII The Rajputs, the M
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215 individual of the ruling caste
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217 vanquished. This contrast in th
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219 circumstances which favoured th
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221 of a Maratha national state. Bu
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223 not bear his name. This show th
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225 an illusion. It also takes a un
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227 the Gurus, also in their letter
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229 priestly caste. There was no sc
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231 of Islam, which had no caste ba
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233 represent their order at Versai
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235 culottes.’ 32 The Gironde suc
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237 ideals embodied in the Guru Gra
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239 reactionary forces in the saddl
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241 Revolution, they believed that,
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243
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245 artisans and the craftsmen, i.e
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247 CHAPTER XIX CHARACTERIZATION 1.
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249 the Sikh movement, because its
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251 revolutionary maintained the hi
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253 revolts by lower castes in a va
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255 in 1789. Obviously, such a radi
Page 257 and 258: 257 freedom and capturing political
Page 259 and 260: 259 remind us that revolutions—as
Page 261 and 262: 261 religion.’ The Guru wanted to
Page 263 and 264: 263 forward his aims and ideals, he
Page 265 and 266: 265 2. The Impact of Jat Cultural P
Page 267 and 268: 267 Sikhs supported the Guru on thi
Page 269 and 270: 269 come armed. That is probably, a
Page 271 and 272: 271 the Gurus, and for most part of
Page 273 and 274: 273 From the time of Guru Har Rai t
Page 275 and 276: 275 symbols? Further, whether the f
Page 277 and 278: 277 caste (e.g. Sandhu, Sidhu, Gill
Page 279 and 280: 279 (iii) The news-writer, who repo
Page 281 and 282: 281 the combination of objective co
Page 283 and 284: 283 soms Bhaktas is doubt. The Sikh
Page 285 and 286: 285 in following them…. The Mukta
Page 287 and 288: 287 Ceaser what is Ceasor’s. The
Page 289 and 290: 289 Sikh Gurus were not only social
Page 291 and 292: 291 Singh Sabha movement merely res
Page 293 and 294: 293 Appendix C Some Aspects of the
Page 295 and 296: 295 He whose mind loveth to conside
Page 297 and 298: 297 Those sinners ever wander in ev
Page 299 and 300: 299 Sayeth Nanak : “He, who Reali
Page 301 and 302: 301 You wear necklaces, put sacrifi
Page 303 and 304: 303 Thousands upon thousands of god
Page 305 and 306: 305 (Guru Granth, p. 39; trans. by
Page 307: 307 wicked, in the battle-field Tho
Page 311 and 312: 311 42 Senart, pp. 51-2 43 Bharatiy
Page 313 and 314: 313 16 Ibid 17 Muir: I.A., Vol. 6 (
Page 315 and 316: 315 90 Hutton, p. 71 91 Senart, p.
Page 317 and 318: 317 52 Ibid 53 Alberuni’s India,
Page 319 and 320: 319 5 Ibid, p. 360 6 Ibid, p. 1323
Page 321 and 322: 321 8 Janamsakhi, Walaitwali, Sakhi
Page 323 and 324: 323 11 Bhai Gurdas: Var One, Pauris
Page 325 and 326: 325 79 Irvine, W. : Later Mughals,
Page 327 and 328: 327 22 Ibid, p. 469 23 Ibid, p. 368
Page 329 and 330: 329 22 Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri, Persian p
Page 331 and 332: 331 66 Ibid, p. 301 67 Guru Granth.
Page 333 and 334: 333 45a Forster, Vol. i, p. 329 46
Page 335 and 336: 335 12. Bhangu, p. 202. I2a Max Web
Page 337: 337 31 Ghurye, p. 11 32 Ranade, M.
Page 340 and 341: 340 taken from the MSS. of the pers
Page 342 and 343: 342 19 Chahar Gulzar-i-Shujai, 545a
Page 344 and 345: 344 51. Ibbetson, sec. 424; Gazette
Page 346 and 347: 346 Barth, A. 1963. Religions of In
Page 348 and 349: 348 Hasrat, Bikramjit (ed.) 1970. P
Page 350 and 351: 350 New Delhi. Ministry of Informat
Page 352 and 353: 352 Janamsakhi, Bhai Bala Edited by
Page 354 and 355: 354 186,214, 220, 263, 267,269. ] 2
Page 356 and 357: 356 Grierson, 77, 79. Griffths, ] 2
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358 76-79, 253, 282. Mehar Gul, 58.
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360 227, 271, 274. Singh Sabha Move
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2 SERIES IN SIKH HISTORY AND CULTUR
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In India, on the other hand, the pl
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6 REFERENCES 1. Nizami, Khaliq Ahma
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Introductory - Global Sikh Studies

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