Introductory - Global Sikh Studies

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334 6 Koer Singh, p. 227; Bhangu, p. 70; Sakhi Pothi, pp. 53-56, 69 7 Macauliffe, v, p. 219. 7a. Bhangu, pp. 226-227 8 Rose, iii, p. 1 9 Bhangu, p. 243 10 Ibid, p. 244-246. 10a. Ibid, pp. 246-248 11 Irvine, i, p. 317 12 Ibid, pp. 317-318 13 Early European Accounts of the Sikhs, edited by Ganda Singh, p. 188 14 Elliot and Dowson: The History of India as Told by its own Historians, vii, p. 458. 14a. Latif, p. 629 15 Bhangu, p. 372 15a. Forster, i, pp. 309, 334 16 Gupta, Hari Ram, History of the Sikhs, i, p. 12 17 Ibid, foot-note, pp. 12-13 18 Ibid, pp. 12-13 19 Ibid, foot-note, p. 12 20 Early European Accounts of the Sikhs, p. 188; Griffin: Ranjit Singh, p. 71; Malcolm, p. 239 21 Haqiqat : I.H.Q., March 1942 sup., p. 13 Chapter 16 Achievements 1. Max Weber, p. 29. 2. Ibid, pp. 24, 25. 3. Hutton, p. 49. 4. Max Weber, p. 30. 5. Hutton, p. 125. 6. Ibbetson, sec. 512. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid. 10. Max Weber, pp. 29-30. 11 . Ibid, p. 36.
335 12. Bhangu, p. 202. I2a Max Weber, p. 57. 13. Ibbetson, sec. 423. 14. Ibid, sec. 441. I4a. Ibid, sec. 456. 15. Ibid, sec. 512. 16. Ibid, sec. 423, 434. 17. Ibid. 18. Ibid, sec. 627. 19. Rose, Vol. ii, p. 182. 20. Ibbetson, sec. 598. 21. Bhangu, p. 216. 22. Ibid, p. 469. 23. lrfan Habib : Punjab Past and Present (1976), p. 95; Rose, ii, p. 359. 24. lrfan Habib : Punjab Past and Present (1976), p. 95. 25. Ibid, p. 97. 26. Ibbetson, sec. 422; Rose, i, p. 12. 27. Ibid, sec. 437. 28. Ibid, sec. 439. 29. Ibid, sec. 440. 30. Ibid, sec. 428. 31. Ibid, sec. 424. 32. Rose, i, p. 706. 33. Ibbetson, sec. 598. 34. Ibid, sec. 606. 34a. Singh, LP. : A Sikh Village; Journal of American Folklore, 71 (1958), pp. 479-503; A Sikh village: Journal of Social Research (Ranchi), 4 (1961), pp. 191-219; (cited by Mandelbaum, D.G. : Society in India, ii, pp. 539-543). 35. Gupta, Hari Ram: History of the Sikhs, i, p. 282. 35a. Forster, i, pp. 321-2. 35b. Calendar of Persian Correspondence, ii, p. 20. 35c. Ibid, p. 35. 36. Irvine,i, pp. 98;.99. 36a. Irvine : J.A.S.B. (New Series), Vol. 63 (1894), p. 124. 37. Cunningham, p. ix.
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CHAPTER 1 Introductory The Sikh mov
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and a major factor having a great b
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5 CHAPTER II The Caste And The Clas
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the nature of these so-called Egypt
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caste order. In their case the reas
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own womenfolk strongly highlights t
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one direction only, viz., of downgr
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15 CHAPTER III The Directive Force
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17 designs of ornaments, of article
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20 reborn into Aryan-hood, viz., th
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outstanding feature of Buddhism is
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political ascendancy over a long pe
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when it had lost its validity as an
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28 a) Pre-eminence of Caste Status
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30 were self-revealed texts. Had th
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32 inviolability of the laws laid d
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34 In very few cases only are we li
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36 exceptional favours; but the one
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38 is stigmatized as a degrading oc
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40 hindered the development of any
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42 We have mentioned that the key t
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44 and voiding; of washing, rinsing
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that it became different to demarca
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48 with the Vedic Mantras’. 5 ‘
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50 Aryans in the pre-Vedic period.
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52 of the Sudra reached its climax
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All the same, social inequality was
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56 vouched for in the sacred Hindu
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58 CHAPTER VI The Caste Society, Is
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60 But, the exclusive allegiance to
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62 memories of their homeland, from
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64 doing so, they are often influen
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66 The Muslims, however, spread ove
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68 shake of completely even upto no
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70 CHAPTER VII The Radical Bhakti I
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72 than a mere call was needed. But
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74 glance at the events that led to
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76 And the emotional heights that t
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78 and even reputed miracles, were
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80 expectations of the down-trodden
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83 followed. These Bhakti sects wer
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85 CHAPTER IX The Sikh Ideology Wha
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87 cumulative result of all the thr
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89 announcement of supreme signific
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91 loves all men, the lowest and th
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93 self-centredness, is at the root
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95 whatsoever. The cumulative resul
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97 If all these go to the hell, the
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99 life. In principle there could b
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101 Singh expired with Wahiguru (Go
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103 CHAPTER X The Sikh Panth In vie
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105 (Vishnu) and Mahesh (Shivas).
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107 form or the other. The Buddhist
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109 message to others. In addition,
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111 spirit, the doctrine, the tenet
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113 the shaping of any such traditi
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115 CHAPTER XI Egalitarian Society
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117 not to the king. 2a Between a h
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119 times, a major achievement of G
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121 The Guru anointed him with his
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123 sequence of the Sikh doctrines
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125 Here we have good independent t
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127 castes ranging from Brahmins to
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129 selves, marriage outside the cl
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131 classes. No wonder the Plato’
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133 Secondly, as we have said, the
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135 is reflected by the fact that t
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137 hatred or class war; for this w
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139 still persist in creating diffi
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141 The drums will beat at every do
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143 trained in the use of arrows. T
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145 Muslim rulers; not out of world
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147 CHAPTER XIII Armed Struggle —
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149 able to usurp political power p
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151 Hindus patriotism consists in a
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153 2. Preliminary Stage The Khatri
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155 was supreme in both field. The
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157 them was that they were require
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159 and hence challenged the Sharia
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161 But, Jahangir held different vi
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163 Sikh Panth before Jahangir came
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165 round him ‘who were satisfied
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167 and the attendant circumstance
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169 emphatic were the Gurus in matt
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171 And extirpating all tyrants.”
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173 In this completely dark night o
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175 how this Sikh revolutionary mis
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177 4. Khalsa as an instrument of R
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179 Singh, the Guru cautioned him t
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181 From beginning to end, I reveal
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183 Upananya ceremony, they were no
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185 After his military successes, B
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187 advantages of terrain and a sec
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189 time in their history. Hunted l
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191 to do was to cut off their hair
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193 of the unflinching faith in the
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195 Guru went to the battlefield to
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197 order to wean him away from the
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199 of inspiration, energy and opti
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201 CHAPTER XVI Achievements The ac
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203 of India, taken over from the H
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205 Ramgarhias. Even today they for
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207 Rajputs will not allow inferior
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209 off the miasma of touch polluti
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211 him home. Arrived there, the} s
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213 CHAPTER XVII The Rajputs, the M
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215 individual of the ruling caste
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217 vanquished. This contrast in th
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219 circumstances which favoured th
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221 of a Maratha national state. Bu
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223 not bear his name. This show th
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225 an illusion. It also takes a un
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227 the Gurus, also in their letter
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229 priestly caste. There was no sc
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231 of Islam, which had no caste ba
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233 represent their order at Versai
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235 culottes.’ 32 The Gironde suc
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237 ideals embodied in the Guru Gra
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239 reactionary forces in the saddl
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241 Revolution, they believed that,
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243
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245 artisans and the craftsmen, i.e
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247 CHAPTER XIX CHARACTERIZATION 1.
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249 the Sikh movement, because its
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251 revolutionary maintained the hi
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253 revolts by lower castes in a va
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255 in 1789. Obviously, such a radi
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257 freedom and capturing political
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259 remind us that revolutions—as
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261 religion.’ The Guru wanted to
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263 forward his aims and ideals, he
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265 2. The Impact of Jat Cultural P
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267 Sikhs supported the Guru on thi
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269 come armed. That is probably, a
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271 the Gurus, and for most part of
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273 From the time of Guru Har Rai t
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275 symbols? Further, whether the f
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277 caste (e.g. Sandhu, Sidhu, Gill
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279 (iii) The news-writer, who repo
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281 the combination of objective co
Page 283 and 284: 283 soms Bhaktas is doubt. The Sikh
Page 285 and 286: 285 in following them…. The Mukta
Page 287 and 288: 287 Ceaser what is Ceasor’s. The
Page 289 and 290: 289 Sikh Gurus were not only social
Page 291 and 292: 291 Singh Sabha movement merely res
Page 293 and 294: 293 Appendix C Some Aspects of the
Page 295 and 296: 295 He whose mind loveth to conside
Page 297 and 298: 297 Those sinners ever wander in ev
Page 299 and 300: 299 Sayeth Nanak : “He, who Reali
Page 301 and 302: 301 You wear necklaces, put sacrifi
Page 303 and 304: 303 Thousands upon thousands of god
Page 305 and 306: 305 (Guru Granth, p. 39; trans. by
Page 307 and 308: 307 wicked, in the battle-field Tho
Page 309 and 310: 309 References CHAPTER I Introducto
Page 311 and 312: 311 42 Senart, pp. 51-2 43 Bharatiy
Page 313 and 314: 313 16 Ibid 17 Muir: I.A., Vol. 6 (
Page 315 and 316: 315 90 Hutton, p. 71 91 Senart, p.
Page 317 and 318: 317 52 Ibid 53 Alberuni’s India,
Page 319 and 320: 319 5 Ibid, p. 360 6 Ibid, p. 1323
Page 321 and 322: 321 8 Janamsakhi, Walaitwali, Sakhi
Page 323 and 324: 323 11 Bhai Gurdas: Var One, Pauris
Page 325 and 326: 325 79 Irvine, W. : Later Mughals,
Page 327 and 328: 327 22 Ibid, p. 469 23 Ibid, p. 368
Page 329 and 330: 329 22 Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri, Persian p
Page 331 and 332: 331 66 Ibid, p. 301 67 Guru Granth.
Page 333: 333 45a Forster, Vol. i, p. 329 46
Page 337: 337 31 Ghurye, p. 11 32 Ranade, M.
Page 340 and 341: 340 taken from the MSS. of the pers
Page 342 and 343: 342 19 Chahar Gulzar-i-Shujai, 545a
Page 344 and 345: 344 51. Ibbetson, sec. 424; Gazette
Page 346 and 347: 346 Barth, A. 1963. Religions of In
Page 348 and 349: 348 Hasrat, Bikramjit (ed.) 1970. P
Page 350 and 351: 350 New Delhi. Ministry of Informat
Page 352 and 353: 352 Janamsakhi, Bhai Bala Edited by
Page 354 and 355: 354 186,214, 220, 263, 267,269. ] 2
Page 356 and 357: 356 Grierson, 77, 79. Griffths, ] 2
Page 358 and 359: 358 76-79, 253, 282. Mehar Gul, 58.
Page 360 and 361: 360 227, 271, 274. Singh Sabha Move
Page 362 and 363: 2 SERIES IN SIKH HISTORY AND CULTUR
Page 364 and 365: In India, on the other hand, the pl
Page 366 and 367: 6 REFERENCES 1. Nizami, Khaliq Ahma
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