Introductory - Global Sikh Studies

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340 taken from the MSS. of the personal copy of Dr. Ganda Singh, Patiala 65b Imadul-Saadat by Syed Gulam All Khan, p. 71. (This quotation and the preceding one, with their translations, by the courtesy of Dr. Ganda Singh and Prof. Pritam Singh,. Patiala). 65c Haqiqat, cited by Gurbax Singh:Punjab History Conference, (March 17- 19, 1978), Proceedings, pp. 89-90 65d Ibid, p. 86 66 Asrar-i-Samdi, trans. in Punjabi, p. 7 67 Bhai Gurdas, Var 41; Macauliffe, Vol. V, p. 258 67a Quoted by Dr. Ganda Singh: Punjab Past and Present, April, 1971, p. 187 67b Haqiqat, This quotation from the MSS (Khalsa College Library, Amritsar) by the courtesy of S. Gurbax Singh; I.H.Q., March 1942, sup., p. 21 67c Tuper: Punjab Customary Law, p. 3 I (cited by Indubhusan Banejjee: Evolution of the Khalsa, Vol. Two, pp. 37-8). 67d Prinsep, p. 159 68 Forster, i, pp. 330-1; Eliot: Hindiusm and Buddhism, ii,p.272 69 Polier: Earlier European Accounts of the Sikhs, p. 197. Polier regarded the plebian character of the Sikh agrarian revolution so contagious, even during its p03t-revolutionary phase, that he suggested: ‘if they (Sikhs) are not attacked soon in their own proper provinces, it is much to be feared their tenets and manners will be adopted by all the Zamindars of the Subah of Delhi and part of Agra’ (p. 200). 70 Prinsep, p. 23; Scott, p. 40 71 Gurbilas Chevin Patshahi, p. 293 72 Koer Singh, pp. 137-139 CHAPTER 19 Characterization 1 TocquevilIe, p. 177 2 Lafebvre, p. 50 3 Rude, p. 74 4 Gibbon: Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, LI (Nizami, p. viii);
341 Ashraf, K. M.: Life and Conditions of the People of Hindustan, pp. 28-29 5 Cunningham, ‘p. 160 6 Rehtname, p. 117 6 Tara Chand: Influence of Islam on Indian Culture, p. 117 7 Jangnamah of Qazi Nur-ud-Din, Cited by Gupta:History of the Sikhs, i, p. 290. 7a Cited by Gurbax Singh; Punjab History Conference (Sept 1972) Proceedings. p. 50 8 Forster, Vol. i, p. 333; Ahmed Shah, Sohan Lal, Ali-ud- din and Ganesh Das cited by Gupta: A History of the Sikhs, i, p. 195. 8a Griffin: Rajas of the Pun jab, p. 17. 8b Ibbetson; Punjab Castes, sec 424; Gazetteer of the Lahore District, 1883-84, pp. 66-68 9 Calendar of Persian Correspondence, ii, p. 35 10 Indubhusan, Vol. Two, p. 40; Ibbetson:Punjab Castes, sec. 424; Griffin, L.H.: The Rajas of the Punjab, p. 17 11 Jullundur District Gazetteer, 1904, Part A, p. 121; Crooke, W.:Races of Northern India,’ p. 93; Gurgaon District Gazetteer, 1883-84, p. 41 11a Dabistan (Punjab Past and Present (1969) pp. 51-2) 12 Max Weber, p. 17 13 Rude, p. 35. 13a. Rose, Vol. ii, p. 419; Vol;. iii, p. 306 14 Gurbilas Chevin Patshahi, p. 293 15 Ashraf, p. 31 16 Guru Granth, p. 722 16a Macauliffe, v. pp. 300-301. 16b. Ranade, pp. 39-40 17 Ibid, p. 31. 17a. Bhangu, pp. 95, 309-310. Abdali recognized that for the complete reduction of the Sikh power it would be necessary to wait until their religious fervour had eveporated (A.C. Banerjee, p. 91). 17b. Ibid, pp. 305, 376. 17c. Latif, p. 271; Polier cited in Punjab Past and Present (Oct. 1970), p. 249 18 Cunningham, p. 75
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CHAPTER 1 Introductory The Sikh mov
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and a major factor having a great b
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5 CHAPTER II The Caste And The Clas
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the nature of these so-called Egypt
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caste order. In their case the reas
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own womenfolk strongly highlights t
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one direction only, viz., of downgr
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15 CHAPTER III The Directive Force
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17 designs of ornaments, of article
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20 reborn into Aryan-hood, viz., th
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outstanding feature of Buddhism is
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political ascendancy over a long pe
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when it had lost its validity as an
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28 a) Pre-eminence of Caste Status
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30 were self-revealed texts. Had th
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32 inviolability of the laws laid d
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34 In very few cases only are we li
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36 exceptional favours; but the one
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38 is stigmatized as a degrading oc
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40 hindered the development of any
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42 We have mentioned that the key t
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44 and voiding; of washing, rinsing
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that it became different to demarca
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48 with the Vedic Mantras’. 5 ‘
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50 Aryans in the pre-Vedic period.
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52 of the Sudra reached its climax
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All the same, social inequality was
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56 vouched for in the sacred Hindu
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58 CHAPTER VI The Caste Society, Is
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60 But, the exclusive allegiance to
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62 memories of their homeland, from
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64 doing so, they are often influen
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66 The Muslims, however, spread ove
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68 shake of completely even upto no
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70 CHAPTER VII The Radical Bhakti I
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72 than a mere call was needed. But
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74 glance at the events that led to
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76 And the emotional heights that t
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78 and even reputed miracles, were
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80 expectations of the down-trodden
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83 followed. These Bhakti sects wer
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85 CHAPTER IX The Sikh Ideology Wha
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87 cumulative result of all the thr
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89 announcement of supreme signific
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91 loves all men, the lowest and th
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93 self-centredness, is at the root
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95 whatsoever. The cumulative resul
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97 If all these go to the hell, the
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99 life. In principle there could b
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101 Singh expired with Wahiguru (Go
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103 CHAPTER X The Sikh Panth In vie
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105 (Vishnu) and Mahesh (Shivas).
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107 form or the other. The Buddhist
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109 message to others. In addition,
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111 spirit, the doctrine, the tenet
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113 the shaping of any such traditi
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115 CHAPTER XI Egalitarian Society
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117 not to the king. 2a Between a h
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119 times, a major achievement of G
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121 The Guru anointed him with his
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123 sequence of the Sikh doctrines
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125 Here we have good independent t
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127 castes ranging from Brahmins to
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129 selves, marriage outside the cl
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131 classes. No wonder the Plato’
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133 Secondly, as we have said, the
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135 is reflected by the fact that t
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137 hatred or class war; for this w
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139 still persist in creating diffi
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141 The drums will beat at every do
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143 trained in the use of arrows. T
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145 Muslim rulers; not out of world
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147 CHAPTER XIII Armed Struggle —
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149 able to usurp political power p
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151 Hindus patriotism consists in a
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153 2. Preliminary Stage The Khatri
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155 was supreme in both field. The
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157 them was that they were require
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159 and hence challenged the Sharia
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161 But, Jahangir held different vi
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163 Sikh Panth before Jahangir came
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165 round him ‘who were satisfied
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167 and the attendant circumstance
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169 emphatic were the Gurus in matt
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171 And extirpating all tyrants.”
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173 In this completely dark night o
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175 how this Sikh revolutionary mis
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177 4. Khalsa as an instrument of R
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179 Singh, the Guru cautioned him t
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181 From beginning to end, I reveal
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183 Upananya ceremony, they were no
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185 After his military successes, B
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187 advantages of terrain and a sec
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189 time in their history. Hunted l
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191 to do was to cut off their hair
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193 of the unflinching faith in the
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195 Guru went to the battlefield to
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197 order to wean him away from the
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199 of inspiration, energy and opti
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201 CHAPTER XVI Achievements The ac
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203 of India, taken over from the H
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205 Ramgarhias. Even today they for
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207 Rajputs will not allow inferior
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209 off the miasma of touch polluti
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211 him home. Arrived there, the} s
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213 CHAPTER XVII The Rajputs, the M
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215 individual of the ruling caste
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217 vanquished. This contrast in th
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219 circumstances which favoured th
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221 of a Maratha national state. Bu
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223 not bear his name. This show th
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225 an illusion. It also takes a un
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227 the Gurus, also in their letter
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229 priestly caste. There was no sc
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231 of Islam, which had no caste ba
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233 represent their order at Versai
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235 culottes.’ 32 The Gironde suc
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237 ideals embodied in the Guru Gra
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239 reactionary forces in the saddl
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241 Revolution, they believed that,
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243
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245 artisans and the craftsmen, i.e
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247 CHAPTER XIX CHARACTERIZATION 1.
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249 the Sikh movement, because its
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251 revolutionary maintained the hi
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253 revolts by lower castes in a va
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255 in 1789. Obviously, such a radi
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257 freedom and capturing political
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259 remind us that revolutions—as
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261 religion.’ The Guru wanted to
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263 forward his aims and ideals, he
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265 2. The Impact of Jat Cultural P
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267 Sikhs supported the Guru on thi
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269 come armed. That is probably, a
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271 the Gurus, and for most part of
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273 From the time of Guru Har Rai t
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275 symbols? Further, whether the f
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277 caste (e.g. Sandhu, Sidhu, Gill
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279 (iii) The news-writer, who repo
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281 the combination of objective co
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283 soms Bhaktas is doubt. The Sikh
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285 in following them…. The Mukta
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287 Ceaser what is Ceasor’s. The
Page 289 and 290: 289 Sikh Gurus were not only social
Page 291 and 292: 291 Singh Sabha movement merely res
Page 293 and 294: 293 Appendix C Some Aspects of the
Page 295 and 296: 295 He whose mind loveth to conside
Page 297 and 298: 297 Those sinners ever wander in ev
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Page 301 and 302: 301 You wear necklaces, put sacrifi
Page 303 and 304: 303 Thousands upon thousands of god
Page 305 and 306: 305 (Guru Granth, p. 39; trans. by
Page 307 and 308: 307 wicked, in the battle-field Tho
Page 309 and 310: 309 References CHAPTER I Introducto
Page 311 and 312: 311 42 Senart, pp. 51-2 43 Bharatiy
Page 313 and 314: 313 16 Ibid 17 Muir: I.A., Vol. 6 (
Page 315 and 316: 315 90 Hutton, p. 71 91 Senart, p.
Page 317 and 318: 317 52 Ibid 53 Alberuni’s India,
Page 319 and 320: 319 5 Ibid, p. 360 6 Ibid, p. 1323
Page 321 and 322: 321 8 Janamsakhi, Walaitwali, Sakhi
Page 323 and 324: 323 11 Bhai Gurdas: Var One, Pauris
Page 325 and 326: 325 79 Irvine, W. : Later Mughals,
Page 327 and 328: 327 22 Ibid, p. 469 23 Ibid, p. 368
Page 329 and 330: 329 22 Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri, Persian p
Page 331 and 332: 331 66 Ibid, p. 301 67 Guru Granth.
Page 333 and 334: 333 45a Forster, Vol. i, p. 329 46
Page 335 and 336: 335 12. Bhangu, p. 202. I2a Max Web
Page 337: 337 31 Ghurye, p. 11 32 Ranade, M.
Page 342 and 343: 342 19 Chahar Gulzar-i-Shujai, 545a
Page 344 and 345: 344 51. Ibbetson, sec. 424; Gazette
Page 346 and 347: 346 Barth, A. 1963. Religions of In
Page 348 and 349: 348 Hasrat, Bikramjit (ed.) 1970. P
Page 350 and 351: 350 New Delhi. Ministry of Informat
Page 352 and 353: 352 Janamsakhi, Bhai Bala Edited by
Page 354 and 355: 354 186,214, 220, 263, 267,269. ] 2
Page 356 and 357: 356 Grierson, 77, 79. Griffths, ] 2
Page 358 and 359: 358 76-79, 253, 282. Mehar Gul, 58.
Page 360 and 361: 360 227, 271, 274. Singh Sabha Move
Page 362 and 363: 2 SERIES IN SIKH HISTORY AND CULTUR
Page 364 and 365: In India, on the other hand, the pl
Page 366 and 367: 6 REFERENCES 1. Nizami, Khaliq Ahma
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