Introductory - Global Sikh Studies

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336 CHAPTER 17 The Rajputs, the Marathas and the Khalsa 1 Briggs, J : History of the Rise of Mohammadan Power in India, Vol. i, p. 26 2 Ibid, p. 27 3 Tod, James: Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Vol. i, p. 125 4 Payne, C. H. : Tod’s Annals of Rajasthan, p. 74 5 Sarkar, Jadunath : Military History of India, p. 77 6 Tod, p. 107 7 Ibid, p. 109 8 Ibid, p. 120 9 Ibid, p. 121 10 Ibid, p. 115 11 Ibid, p. 69; Sheering, M. A. : The Tribes and Castes of Rajasthan, p. 74 12 Ibid, p. 113 13 Saran, P. : <strong>Studies</strong> in Medieval Indian History, p. 4; Tod. i, p. xix 14 Tod, p. 139 15 Ibid 16 Ibid, p. 127 17 Ibid, p. 127-128 18 Sheering, p. 7 19 Ibid, p. 8 20 Tod, p. 113 21 Sherring, p, 4 22 Payne, p. 3 23 Tod, p. 155 24 Rose, ii, p. 369 25 Gupta, Hari Ram: History of the <strong>Sikh</strong>s, Vol. i, p. 264 ; Bhangu, p. 385 26 Ibid, p. 143 27 Payne, p. 152; Sherring, pp. 5,40 28 Sardesai, G. S.: New History of the Marathas, Vol. i, p. 100 29 Sharma, S. R. : The Founding of Maratha Freedom, p. 38 30 Sardesai, i, p. 52. (foot-note)
337 31 Ghurye, p. 11 32 Ranade, M. G. : Rise of the Maratha power, pp. 38-39 33 Ibid, pp. 39-40 34 Sardesai, i, p. 164 35 Ibid, p. 190 36 Ibid, p. 266 37 Ibid, p. 280 38 Ranade, p. 78 39 Ranade, p. 60 40 Sharma, p. 21 41 Budh Singh ; Risala-i-Nanak Shah, cited in Punjab History Conference (Nov. 1976), Proceedings, p.79 42 Hugel, p. 273 43 Forster, Vol. I, pp. 328-329 CHAPTER 18 A Plebian Revolution 1 Bharatiya, Vol. ii, pp. 425, 450 2 Wilson, H. H.: J. R. A. S. (1856), p. 248; Monier Williams: J. R. A. S. (1886), pp. 129,138 3 Ibid, pp. 254-5 4 Time (Weekly magazine, Tokyo) Oct. 15, 1979, p. 21 5 Roberts, J. M. : The French Revolution, p. 97 6 The Punjab Past and Present (Oct. 1979), p. 468 7 Nizami, p. 93 8 Toynbee, A. J.: A Study of History, Vol. viii, p. 591 9 Nizami, p. 15 10 Button, p. 136 11 Rude. p. 119. 11a. Roberts, p. 97 12 Ibid. p. 57 13 Ibid, p. 76 14 Rude, pp. 107-8
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CHAPTER 1 Introductory The Sikh mov
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and a major factor having a great b
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5 CHAPTER II The Caste And The Clas
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the nature of these so-called Egypt
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caste order. In their case the reas
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own womenfolk strongly highlights t
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one direction only, viz., of downgr
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15 CHAPTER III The Directive Force
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17 designs of ornaments, of article
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20 reborn into Aryan-hood, viz., th
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outstanding feature of Buddhism is
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political ascendancy over a long pe
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when it had lost its validity as an
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28 a) Pre-eminence of Caste Status
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30 were self-revealed texts. Had th
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32 inviolability of the laws laid d
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34 In very few cases only are we li
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36 exceptional favours; but the one
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38 is stigmatized as a degrading oc
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40 hindered the development of any
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42 We have mentioned that the key t
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44 and voiding; of washing, rinsing
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that it became different to demarca
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48 with the Vedic Mantras’. 5 ‘
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50 Aryans in the pre-Vedic period.
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52 of the Sudra reached its climax
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All the same, social inequality was
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56 vouched for in the sacred Hindu
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58 CHAPTER VI The Caste Society, Is
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60 But, the exclusive allegiance to
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62 memories of their homeland, from
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64 doing so, they are often influen
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66 The Muslims, however, spread ove
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68 shake of completely even upto no
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70 CHAPTER VII The Radical Bhakti I
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72 than a mere call was needed. But
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74 glance at the events that led to
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76 And the emotional heights that t
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78 and even reputed miracles, were
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80 expectations of the down-trodden
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83 followed. These Bhakti sects wer
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85 CHAPTER IX The Sikh Ideology Wha
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87 cumulative result of all the thr
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89 announcement of supreme signific
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91 loves all men, the lowest and th
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93 self-centredness, is at the root
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95 whatsoever. The cumulative resul
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97 If all these go to the hell, the
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99 life. In principle there could b
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101 Singh expired with Wahiguru (Go
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103 CHAPTER X The Sikh Panth In vie
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105 (Vishnu) and Mahesh (Shivas).
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107 form or the other. The Buddhist
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109 message to others. In addition,
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111 spirit, the doctrine, the tenet
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113 the shaping of any such traditi
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115 CHAPTER XI Egalitarian Society
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117 not to the king. 2a Between a h
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119 times, a major achievement of G
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121 The Guru anointed him with his
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123 sequence of the Sikh doctrines
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125 Here we have good independent t
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127 castes ranging from Brahmins to
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129 selves, marriage outside the cl
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131 classes. No wonder the Plato’
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133 Secondly, as we have said, the
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135 is reflected by the fact that t
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137 hatred or class war; for this w
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139 still persist in creating diffi
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141 The drums will beat at every do
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143 trained in the use of arrows. T
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145 Muslim rulers; not out of world
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147 CHAPTER XIII Armed Struggle —
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149 able to usurp political power p
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151 Hindus patriotism consists in a
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153 2. Preliminary Stage The Khatri
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155 was supreme in both field. The
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157 them was that they were require
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159 and hence challenged the Sharia
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161 But, Jahangir held different vi
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163 Sikh Panth before Jahangir came
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165 round him ‘who were satisfied
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167 and the attendant circumstance
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169 emphatic were the Gurus in matt
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171 And extirpating all tyrants.”
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173 In this completely dark night o
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175 how this Sikh revolutionary mis
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177 4. Khalsa as an instrument of R
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179 Singh, the Guru cautioned him t
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181 From beginning to end, I reveal
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183 Upananya ceremony, they were no
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185 After his military successes, B
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187 advantages of terrain and a sec
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189 time in their history. Hunted l
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191 to do was to cut off their hair
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193 of the unflinching faith in the
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195 Guru went to the battlefield to
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197 order to wean him away from the
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199 of inspiration, energy and opti
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201 CHAPTER XVI Achievements The ac
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203 of India, taken over from the H
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205 Ramgarhias. Even today they for
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207 Rajputs will not allow inferior
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209 off the miasma of touch polluti
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211 him home. Arrived there, the} s
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213 CHAPTER XVII The Rajputs, the M
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215 individual of the ruling caste
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217 vanquished. This contrast in th
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219 circumstances which favoured th
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221 of a Maratha national state. Bu
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223 not bear his name. This show th
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225 an illusion. It also takes a un
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227 the Gurus, also in their letter
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229 priestly caste. There was no sc
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231 of Islam, which had no caste ba
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233 represent their order at Versai
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235 culottes.’ 32 The Gironde suc
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237 ideals embodied in the Guru Gra
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239 reactionary forces in the saddl
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241 Revolution, they believed that,
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243
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245 artisans and the craftsmen, i.e
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247 CHAPTER XIX CHARACTERIZATION 1.
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249 the Sikh movement, because its
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251 revolutionary maintained the hi
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253 revolts by lower castes in a va
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255 in 1789. Obviously, such a radi
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257 freedom and capturing political
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259 remind us that revolutions—as
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261 religion.’ The Guru wanted to
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263 forward his aims and ideals, he
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265 2. The Impact of Jat Cultural P
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267 Sikhs supported the Guru on thi
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269 come armed. That is probably, a
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271 the Gurus, and for most part of
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273 From the time of Guru Har Rai t
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275 symbols? Further, whether the f
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277 caste (e.g. Sandhu, Sidhu, Gill
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279 (iii) The news-writer, who repo
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281 the combination of objective co
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283 soms Bhaktas is doubt. The Sikh
Page 285 and 286: 285 in following them…. The Mukta
Page 287 and 288: 287 Ceaser what is Ceasor’s. The
Page 289 and 290: 289 Sikh Gurus were not only social
Page 291 and 292: 291 Singh Sabha movement merely res
Page 293 and 294: 293 Appendix C Some Aspects of the
Page 295 and 296: 295 He whose mind loveth to conside
Page 297 and 298: 297 Those sinners ever wander in ev
Page 299 and 300: 299 Sayeth Nanak : “He, who Reali
Page 301 and 302: 301 You wear necklaces, put sacrifi
Page 303 and 304: 303 Thousands upon thousands of god
Page 305 and 306: 305 (Guru Granth, p. 39; trans. by
Page 307 and 308: 307 wicked, in the battle-field Tho
Page 309 and 310: 309 References CHAPTER I Introducto
Page 311 and 312: 311 42 Senart, pp. 51-2 43 Bharatiy
Page 313 and 314: 313 16 Ibid 17 Muir: I.A., Vol. 6 (
Page 315 and 316: 315 90 Hutton, p. 71 91 Senart, p.
Page 317 and 318: 317 52 Ibid 53 Alberuni’s India,
Page 319 and 320: 319 5 Ibid, p. 360 6 Ibid, p. 1323
Page 321 and 322: 321 8 Janamsakhi, Walaitwali, Sakhi
Page 323 and 324: 323 11 Bhai Gurdas: Var One, Pauris
Page 325 and 326: 325 79 Irvine, W. : Later Mughals,
Page 327 and 328: 327 22 Ibid, p. 469 23 Ibid, p. 368
Page 329 and 330: 329 22 Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri, Persian p
Page 331 and 332: 331 66 Ibid, p. 301 67 Guru Granth.
Page 333 and 334: 333 45a Forster, Vol. i, p. 329 46
Page 335: 335 12. Bhangu, p. 202. I2a Max Web
Page 340 and 341: 340 taken from the MSS. of the pers
Page 342 and 343: 342 19 Chahar Gulzar-i-Shujai, 545a
Page 344 and 345: 344 51. Ibbetson, sec. 424; Gazette
Page 346 and 347: 346 Barth, A. 1963. Religions of In
Page 348 and 349: 348 Hasrat, Bikramjit (ed.) 1970. P
Page 350 and 351: 350 New Delhi. Ministry of Informat
Page 352 and 353: 352 Janamsakhi, Bhai Bala Edited by
Page 354 and 355: 354 186,214, 220, 263, 267,269. ] 2
Page 356 and 357: 356 Grierson, 77, 79. Griffths, ] 2
Page 358 and 359: 358 76-79, 253, 282. Mehar Gul, 58.
Page 360 and 361: 360 227, 271, 274. Singh Sabha Move
Page 362 and 363: 2 SERIES IN SIKH HISTORY AND CULTUR
Page 364 and 365: In India, on the other hand, the pl
Page 366 and 367: 6 REFERENCES 1. Nizami, Khaliq Ahma
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Introductory - Global Sikh Studies

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