credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

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Section VII Occupational Health and Immunoprophylaxis The goal of medical support services in a biomedical research setting is to promote a safe and healthy workplace. This is accomplished by limiting opportunities for exposure, promptly detecting and treating exposures, and using information gained from work injuries to further enhance safety precautions. Occupational health and safety in biomedical research settings is a responsibility shared by healthcare providers, safety specialists, principal investigators, employers, and workplace personnel. Optimal worker protection depends on effective, ongoing collaboration among these groups. Supervisors, working with personnel representatives, should describe workers’ proposed tasks and responsibilities. First line supervisors and safety professionals should identify the potential worksite health hazards. Principal investigators may serve as subject matter experts. The health provider should design medical support services in consultation with representatives from the institutional environmental health and safety program and the principal investigators. Workers should be fully informed of the available medical support services and encouraged to utilize them. Requisite occupational medical services are described below and expanded discussions of the principles of effective medical support services are available in authoritative texts. 1,2 Services offered by the medical support team should be designed to be in compliance with United States Department of Labor (DOL), OSHA regulations, patient confidentiality laws, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. 3-8 Medical support services should be based upon detailed risk assessments and tailored to meet the organization’s needs. Risk assessments should define potential hazards and exposures by job responsibility. They should be provided for all personnel regardless of employment status. Contracted workers, students, and visitors should be provided occupational medical care by their employer or sponsor equivalent to that provided by the host institution for exposures, injuries, or other emergencies experienced at the worksite. Occupational medical services may be provided through a variety of arrangements (e.g., in-house or community based) as long as the service is readily available and allows timely, appropriate evaluation and treatment. The interaction between worker, healthcare provider and employer may be complex, such as a contract worker who uses his own medical provider or uses contract medical services. Thus, plans for providing medical support for workers should be completed before work actually begins. The medical provider must be knowledgeable about the nature of potential health risks in the work environment and have access to expert consultation. Prevention is the most effective approach to managing biohazards. Prospective workers should be educated about the biohazards to which they may be occupationally exposed, the types of exposures that place their health at risk, the nature and significance of such risks, as well as the appropriate first aid and follow up for potential exposures. 130
Occupational Health and Immunoprophylaxis That information should be reinforced annually, at the time of any significant change in job responsibility, and following recognized and suspected exposures. 9-11 Medical support services for biomedical research facilities should be evaluated annually. Joint annual review of occupational injury and illness reports by healthcare providers and environmental health and safety representatives can assist revision of exposure prevention strategies to minimize occupational health hazards that cannot be eliminated. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SUPPORT SERVICE ELEMENTS Preplacement Medical Evaluations Workers who may be exposed to human pathogens should receive a preplacement medical evaluation. Healthcare providers should be cognizant of potential hazards encountered by the worker. A description of the requirements for the position and an understanding of the potential health hazards present in the work environment, provided by the worker’s supervisor, should guide the evaluation. The healthcare provider should review the worker’s previous and ongoing medical problems, current medications, allergies to medicines, animals, and other environmental proteins, and prior immunizations. With that information, the healthcare provider determines what medical services are indicated to permit the individual to safely assume the duties of the position. Occasionally, it may be useful to review pre-existing medical records to address specific concerns regarding an individual’s medical fitness to perform the duties of a specific position. If pre-existing medical records are unavailable or are inadequate, the healthcare provider may need to perform a targeted medical exam. Comprehensive physical examinations are rarely indicated. During the visit, the healthcare provider should inform the worker of potential health hazards in the work area and review steps that should be taken in the event of an accidental exposure. This visit also establishes a link with the medical support services provider. When occupational exposure to human pathogens is a risk, employers should consider collecting and storing a serum specimen prior to the initiation of work with the agent. It can be used to establish baseline sero-reactivity, should additional blood samples be collected for serological testing subsequent to a recognized or suspected exposure. Occasionally, it is desirable to determine an individual’s vulnerability to infection with specific agents prior to assigning work responsibilities. Some occupational exposures present substantially more hazard to identifiable sub-populations of workers. Immunodeficient workers or non-immune pregnant female workers may experience devastating consequences from exposures that pose a chance of risk to pregnant women with prior immunity and other immunocompetent workers (e.g., cytomegalovirus or toxoplasmosis). Serologic testing should be used to document baseline vulnerability to specific infections to which the worker might be exposed, and non-immune workers should be adequately informed about risks. In specific settings, serologic documentation 131
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Biosafety in Microbiological and Bi
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SECTION VIII-H: Prion Diseases 299
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Forward Biosafety in Microbiologica
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Editors: L. Casey Chosewood, MD Dir
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Guest Editors: Matthew J. Arduino,
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Charles B. Millard, PhD Lieutenant
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Robert Bull Karen B. Byers Jane Cap
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Thomas L. Miller Douglas M. Moore M
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Robert Yarchoan Uri Yokel Lisa Youn
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Introduction laboratories chose not
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Introduction RISK CRITERIA FOR ESTA
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Introduction BMBL includes an impor
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Section II Biological Risk Assessme
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Biological Risk Assessment informat
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Biological Risk Assessment The NIH
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Biological Risk Assessment effectiv
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Biological Risk Assessment Third, m
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Biological Risk Assessment 14. Oxma
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Principles of Biosafety Safety equi
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Principles of Biosafety Often an in
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Principles of Biosafety Four standa
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Principles of Biosafety 4. Centers
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Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria
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Section V Vertebrate Animal Biosafe
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Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
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Agent Summary Statements - Bacteria
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Agent Summary Statements - Bacteria
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• Section VIII-B: Fungal Agents A
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Agent Summary Statements - Fungal A
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• Section VIII-C: Parasitic Agent
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Agent Summary Statements - Parasiti
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• Section VIII-D: Rickettsial Age
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Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
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Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
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• Section VIII-E: Viral Agents Ag
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Agent Summary Statements - Viral Ag
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Agent Summary Statements - Arboviru
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• Section VIII-G: Toxin Agents Se
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins i
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins A
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins L
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• Section VIII-H: Prion Diseases
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Agent Summary Statement - Prion Dis
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Appendix A Proper maintenance of ca
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Appendix A declined. However, in ma
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Appendix A It is possible to exhaus
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Appendix A 4. The Class II, Type A2
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Appendix A prohibited. Furthermore,
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Appendix A plastic wrappers, pipett
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Appendix A touch-plate microburners
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Appendix A SECTION VI FACILITY AND
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Appendix A Development of Containme
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Appendix A C. Airflow Smoke Pattern
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Appendix A TABLES Table 1. Selectio
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Appendix A Table 3. Field Performan
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Appendix A FIGURES Figure 1. HEPA f
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Appendix A Figure 3. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 5B. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 8. The Class III
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Appendix A Figure 9B. The vertical
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Appendix A Figure 11. A typical lay
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Appendix A REFERENCES 1. Centers fo
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Appendix B Decontamination and Disi
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Appendix B surfaces are contaminate
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Appendix B TABLE 1 DESCENDING ORDER
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Appendix B dioxide gas exits the ge
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Appendix B d The effectiveness of a
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Appendix C Transportation of Infect
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Appendix C 1600 Clifton Road, N.E.,
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Appendix C disease in humans or in
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Appendix C Biological specimen, Cat
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Appendix D Agriculture Pathogen Bio
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Appendix D simultaneous opening of
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Appendix D 14. Pathological inciner
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Appendix D Wastes and other materia
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Appendix D Camelpox virus b a, b, c
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Appendix D SPECIAL ISSUES The impor
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Appendix D required by the USDA and
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Appendix D depression, anorexia, an
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Appendix D laboratory with enhancem
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Appendix D five day period of conta
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Appendix D slaughterhouses or indus
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Appendix D virus does not cause any
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Appendix D NDV is classified in the
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Appendix D movement permit is requi
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Appendix D Spring Viremia of Carp V
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Appendix D REFERENCES 1. Hess WR. A
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Appendix D 37. Alexander DJ. Newcas
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Appendix E Arthropod Containment Gu
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Appendix F Select Agents and Toxins
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Appendix G IPM issues and requireme
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Appendix H Working with Human, NHP
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Appendix I Guidelines for Work with
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decontaminated periodically, for ex
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0.25N, and/or sodium hypochlorite (
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k Irradiation causes a dose-depende
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7. Morin R, Kozlovac J. Biological
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Appendix J NIH Oversight of Researc
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Appendix K Resources for Informatio
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Appendix K E-mail: http://www2.gsu.
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Appendix K and http://www.who.int/c
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Appendix L HEPA High Efficiency Par
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