credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

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Appendix A Primary Containment for Biohazards: Selection, Installation and Use of Biological Safety Cabinets SECTION I INTRODUCTION This document presents information on the design, selection, function and use of BSCs, which are the primary means of containment developed for working safely with infectious microorganisms. Brief descriptions of the facility and engineering concepts for the conduct of microbiological research are also provided. BSCs are only one part of an overall biosafety program which requires consistent use of good microbiological practices, use of primary containment equipment and proper containment facility design. Detailed descriptions of acceptable work practices, procedures and facilities, described as Biosafety Levels 1 through 4, are presented in the CDC/NIH publication Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL). 1 BSCs are designed to provide personnel, environmental and product protection when appropriate practices and procedures are followed. Three kinds of biological safety cabinets, designated as Class I, II and III, have been developed to meet varying research and clinical needs. Most BSCs use high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in the exhaust and supply systems. The exception is a Class I BSC which do not have HEPA filtered supply air). These filters and their use in BSCs are briefly described in Section II. Section III presents a general description of the special features of BSCs that provide varying degrees of personnel, environmental, and product protection. Laboratory hazards and risk assessment are discussed in Section IV. Section V presents with work practices, procedures and practical tips to maximize information regarding the protection afforded by the most commonly used BSCs. Facility and engineering requirements needed for the operation of each type of BSC are presented in Section VI. Section VII reviews requirements for routine annual certification of cabinet operation and integrity. These sections are not meant to be definitive or all encompassing. Rather, an overview is provided to clarify the expectations, functions and performance of these critical primary barriers. This document has been written for the biosafety officer, laboratorian, engineer or manager who desires a better understanding of each type of cabinet, factors considered for the selection of a BSC to meet specific operational needs and the services required to maintain the operational integrity of the cabinet. 306
Appendix A Proper maintenance of cabinets used for work at all biosafety levels cannot be over emphasized. BSOs should understand that an active cabinet is a primary safety device. A BSC must be routinely inspected and tested by trained personnel, following strict protocols, to verify that it is working properly. This process is referred to as certification of the cabinet and should be performed annually. SECTION II THE HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE AIR (HEPA) FILTER AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CONTAINMENT DEVICES From the earliest laboratory-acquired typhoid infections to the hazards posed by bio-terrorism, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and rapidly-mutating viruses, threats to worker safety have stimulated the development and refinement of workstations in which infectious microorganisms could be safely handled. The needs to work with tissue cultures, maintain sterility of cell lines, and minimize cross-contamination have contributed to concerns regarding product integrity. The use of proper procedures and equipment (as described in BMBL) 1 cannot be overemphasized in providing primary personnel and environmental protection. For example, high-speed blenders designed to reduce aerosol generation, needle-locking syringes, microburners and safety centrifuge cups or sealed rotors are among the engineered devices that protect laboratory workers from biological hazards. The most important piece of containment equipment, however, is the biological safety cabinet in which manipulations of infectious microorganisms are performed. Background. Early prototype clean air cubicles were designed to protect the materials being manipulated from environmental or worker-generated contamination rather than to protect the worker from the risks associated with the manipulation of potentially hazardous materials. Filtered air was blown across the work surface directly at the worker. Therefore, these cubicles could not be used for handling infectious agents because the worker was in a contaminated air stream. To protect the worker during manipulations of infectious agents, a small workstation was needed that could be installed in existing laboratories with minimum modification to the room. The earliest designs for primary containment devices were essentially non-ventilated "boxes" built of wood and later of stainless steel, within which simple operations such as weighing materials could be accomplished. 2 Early versions of ventilated cabinets did not have adequate or controlled directional air movement and were characterized by mass airflow with widely varying air volumes across openings. The feature of mass airflow into the cabinet was added to draw "contaminated" air away from the laboratory worker. This was the forerunner of the Class I BSC. However, since the air was unfiltered, the cabinet was contaminated with environmental microorganisms and other undesirable particulate matter. 307
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Biosafety in Microbiological and Bi
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SECTION VIII-H: Prion Diseases 299
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Forward Biosafety in Microbiologica
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Editors: L. Casey Chosewood, MD Dir
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Guest Editors: Matthew J. Arduino,
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Charles B. Millard, PhD Lieutenant
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Robert Bull Karen B. Byers Jane Cap
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Thomas L. Miller Douglas M. Moore M
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Robert Yarchoan Uri Yokel Lisa Youn
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Introduction laboratories chose not
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Introduction RISK CRITERIA FOR ESTA
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Introduction BMBL includes an impor
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Section II Biological Risk Assessme
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Biological Risk Assessment informat
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Biological Risk Assessment The NIH
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Biological Risk Assessment effectiv
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Biological Risk Assessment Third, m
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Biological Risk Assessment 14. Oxma
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Principles of Biosafety Safety equi
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Principles of Biosafety Often an in
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Principles of Biosafety Four standa
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Principles of Biosafety 4. Centers
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Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria
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Section V Vertebrate Animal Biosafe
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Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
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TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED BIOS
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Principles of Laboratory Biosecurit
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Occupational Health and Immunoproph
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Agent Summary Statements - Bacteria
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• Section VIII-B: Fungal Agents A
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Agent Summary Statements - Fungal A
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• Section VIII-C: Parasitic Agent
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Agent Summary Statements - Parasiti
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• Section VIII-D: Rickettsial Age
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Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
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Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
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• Section VIII-E: Viral Agents Ag
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Agent Summary Statements - Viral Ag
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Page 325 and 326: Appendix A C. Airflow Smoke Pattern
Page 327 and 328: Appendix A TABLES Table 1. Selectio
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Page 353 and 354: Appendix B d The effectiveness of a
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Appendix C 1600 Clifton Road, N.E.,
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Appendix C disease in humans or in
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Appendix C Biological specimen, Cat
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Appendix D Agriculture Pathogen Bio
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Appendix D simultaneous opening of
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Appendix D 14. Pathological inciner
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Appendix D Wastes and other materia
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Appendix D Camelpox virus b a, b, c
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Appendix D SPECIAL ISSUES The impor
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Appendix D required by the USDA and
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Appendix D depression, anorexia, an
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Appendix D laboratory with enhancem
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Appendix D five day period of conta
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Appendix D slaughterhouses or indus
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Appendix D virus does not cause any
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Appendix D NDV is classified in the
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Appendix D movement permit is requi
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Appendix D Spring Viremia of Carp V
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Appendix D REFERENCES 1. Hess WR. A
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Appendix D 37. Alexander DJ. Newcas
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Appendix E Arthropod Containment Gu
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Appendix F Select Agents and Toxins
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Appendix G IPM issues and requireme
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Appendix H Working with Human, NHP
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Appendix I Guidelines for Work with
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decontaminated periodically, for ex
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0.25N, and/or sodium hypochlorite (
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k Irradiation causes a dose-depende
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7. Morin R, Kozlovac J. Biological
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Appendix J NIH Oversight of Researc
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Appendix K Resources for Informatio
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Appendix K E-mail: http://www2.gsu.
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Appendix K and http://www.who.int/c
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Appendix L HEPA High Efficiency Par
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