credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

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Agent Summary Statements – Viral Agents materials, and for manipulation of infected transplantable tumors, field isolates and clinical materials from human cases. Strains of LCMV that are shown to be lethal in nonhuman primates should be handled at BSL-3. ABSL-2 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are suitable for studies in adult mice with strains requiring BSL-2 containment. Work with infected hamsters also should be done at ABSL-3. SPECIAL ISSUES Vaccines Vaccines are not available for use in humans. Transfer of Agent Importation of this agent may require CDC and/or USDA importation permits. Domestic transport of this agent may require a permit from USDA/APHIS/VS. A DoC permit may be required for the export of this agent to another country. See Appendix C for additional information. Agent: Poliovirus Poliovirus is the type species of the Enterovirus genus in the family Picornaviridae. Enteroviruses are transient inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, and are stable at acid pH. Picornaviruses are small, ether-insensitive viruses with an RNA genome. There are three poliovirus serotypes (P1, P2, and P3). Immunity to one serotype does not produce significant immunity to the other serotypes. Occupational Infections Laboratory-associated poliomyelitis is uncommon. Twelve cases, including two deaths, were reported between 1941 and 1976. 57,61 No laboratory-associated poliomyelitis has been reported for nearly 30 years. Both inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) are highly effective in preventing disease, but neither vaccine provides complete protection against infection. Poliovirus infections among immunized laboratory workers are uncommon but remain undetermined in the absence of laboratory confirmation. An immunized laboratory worker may unknowingly be a source of poliovirus transmission to unvaccinated persons in the community. 62 Natural Modes of Infection At one time poliovirus infection occurred throughout the world. Transmission of wild poliovirus ceased in the United States in 1979, or possibly earlier. A polio eradication program conducted by the Pan American Health Organization led to elimination of polio from the Western Hemisphere in 1991. The Global Polio Eradication Program has dramatically reduced poliovirus transmission throughout the world. Humans are the only known reservoir of poliovirus, which is transmitted most frequently by persons with inapparent infections. Person-to-person spread of poliovirus 228
Agent Summary Statements – Viral Agents via the fecal-oral route is the most important route of transmission, although the oral-oral route may account for some cases. LABORATORY SAFETY The agent is present in the feces and in throat secretions of infected persons and in lymph nodes, brain tissue, and spinal cord tissue in fatal cases. For non-immunized persons in the laboratory, ingestion or parenteral inoculation are the primary routes of infection. For immunized persons, the primary risks are the same, except for parenteral inoculation, which likely presents a lower risk. The importance of aerosol exposure is unknown. Laboratory animal-associated infections have not been reported, but infected nonhuman primates should be considered to present a risk. Containment Recommendations BSL-2 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are recommended for all activities utilizing wild poliovirus infectious culture fluids, environmental samples, and clinical materials, in addition, potentially infectious materials collected for any purpose should be handled at BSL-2. Laboratory personnel working with such materials must have documented polio vaccination. Persons who have had a primary series of OPV or IPV and who are at an increased risk can receive another dose of IPV, but available data do not indicate the need for more than a single lifetime IPV booster dose for adults. 63 ABSL-2 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are recommended for studies of virulent viruses in animals. Laboratories should use authentic Sabin OPV attenuated strains unless there are strong scientific reasons for working with wild polioviruses. In anticipation of polio eradication, the WHO recommends destruction of all poliovirus stocks and potential infectious materials if there is no longer a programmatic or research need for such materials. 64 Institutions/laboratories in the United States that currently retain wild poliovirus infectious or potential infectious material should be on the United States National Inventory maintained by CDC. When one year has elapsed after detection of the last wild poliovirus worldwide, CDC will inform relevant institutions/laboratories about additional containment procedures. Safety recommendations are subject to change based on international polio eradication activities. SPECIAL ISSUES When OPV immunization stops, global control and biosafety requirements for wild as well as attenuated (Sabin) poliovirus materials are expected to become more stringent, consistent with the increased consequences of inadvertent transmission to a growing susceptible community. Transfer of Agent Importation of this agent may require CDC and/or USDA importation permits. Domestic transport of this agent may require a permit from USDA/APHIS/VS. A DoC permit may be required for the export of this agent to another country. See Appendix C for additional information. 229
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Biosafety in Microbiological and Bi
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SECTION VIII-H: Prion Diseases 299
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Forward Biosafety in Microbiologica
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Editors: L. Casey Chosewood, MD Dir
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Guest Editors: Matthew J. Arduino,
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Charles B. Millard, PhD Lieutenant
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Robert Bull Karen B. Byers Jane Cap
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Thomas L. Miller Douglas M. Moore M
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Robert Yarchoan Uri Yokel Lisa Youn
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Introduction laboratories chose not
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Introduction RISK CRITERIA FOR ESTA
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Introduction BMBL includes an impor
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Section II Biological Risk Assessme
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Biological Risk Assessment informat
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Biological Risk Assessment The NIH
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Biological Risk Assessment effectiv
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Biological Risk Assessment Third, m
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Biological Risk Assessment 14. Oxma
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Principles of Biosafety Safety equi
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Principles of Biosafety Often an in
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Principles of Biosafety Four standa
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Principles of Biosafety 4. Centers
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Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria
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Section V Vertebrate Animal Biosafe
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Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
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TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED BIOS
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Principles of Laboratory Biosecurit
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Occupational Health and Immunoproph
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Agent Summary Statements - Bacteria
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• Section VIII-G: Toxin Agents Se
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins i
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins A
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins L
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• Section VIII-H: Prion Diseases
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Agent Summary Statement - Prion Dis
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Appendix A Proper maintenance of ca
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Appendix A declined. However, in ma
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Appendix A It is possible to exhaus
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Appendix A 4. The Class II, Type A2
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Appendix A prohibited. Furthermore,
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Appendix A plastic wrappers, pipett
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Appendix A touch-plate microburners
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Appendix A SECTION VI FACILITY AND
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Appendix A Development of Containme
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Appendix A C. Airflow Smoke Pattern
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Appendix A TABLES Table 1. Selectio
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Appendix A Table 3. Field Performan
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Appendix A FIGURES Figure 1. HEPA f
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Appendix A Figure 3. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 5B. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 8. The Class III
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Appendix A Figure 9B. The vertical
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Appendix A Figure 11. A typical lay
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Appendix A REFERENCES 1. Centers fo
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Appendix B Decontamination and Disi
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Appendix B surfaces are contaminate
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Appendix B TABLE 1 DESCENDING ORDER
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Appendix B dioxide gas exits the ge
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Appendix B d The effectiveness of a
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Appendix C Transportation of Infect
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Appendix C 1600 Clifton Road, N.E.,
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Appendix C disease in humans or in
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Appendix C Biological specimen, Cat
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Appendix D Agriculture Pathogen Bio
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Appendix D simultaneous opening of
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Appendix D 14. Pathological inciner
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Appendix D Wastes and other materia
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Appendix D Camelpox virus b a, b, c
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Appendix D SPECIAL ISSUES The impor
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Appendix D required by the USDA and
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Appendix D depression, anorexia, an
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Appendix D laboratory with enhancem
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Appendix D five day period of conta
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Appendix D slaughterhouses or indus
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Appendix D virus does not cause any
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Appendix D NDV is classified in the
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Appendix D movement permit is requi
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Appendix D Spring Viremia of Carp V
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Appendix D REFERENCES 1. Hess WR. A
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Appendix D 37. Alexander DJ. Newcas
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Appendix E Arthropod Containment Gu
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Appendix F Select Agents and Toxins
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Appendix G IPM issues and requireme
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Appendix H Working with Human, NHP
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Appendix I Guidelines for Work with
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decontaminated periodically, for ex
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0.25N, and/or sodium hypochlorite (
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k Irradiation causes a dose-depende
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7. Morin R, Kozlovac J. Biological
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Appendix J NIH Oversight of Researc
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Appendix K Resources for Informatio
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Appendix K E-mail: http://www2.gsu.
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Appendix K and http://www.who.int/c
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Appendix L HEPA High Efficiency Par
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credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

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