credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

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Agent Summary Statements – Bacterial Agents The agent may be present in conjunctival, urethral and cervical exudates, synovial fluid, urine, feces, and CSF. Accidental parenteral inoculation and direct or indirect contact of mucous membranes with infectious clinical materials are known primary laboratory hazards. Laboratory-acquired illness due to aerosol transmission has not been documented. Containment Recommendations BSL-2 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are recommended for all activities involving the use or manipulation of clinical materials or cultures. Gloves should be worn when handling infected laboratory animals and when there is the likelihood of direct skin contact with infectious materials. Additional primary containment and personnel precautions such as those described for BSL- 3 may be indicated when there is high risk of aerosol or droplet production, and for activities involving production quantities or high concentrations of infectious materials. Animal studies may be performed at ABSL-2. SPECIAL ISSUES Transfer of Agent Importation of this agent may require CDC and/or USDA importation permits. Domestic transport of this agent may require a permit from USDA/APHIS/VS. A DoC permit may be required for the export of this agent to another country. See Appendix C for additional information. Agent: Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative coccus responsible for serious acute meningitis and septicemia in humans. Virulence is associated with the expression of a polysaccharide capsule. Thirteen different capsular serotypes have been identified, with types A, B, C, Y, and W135 associated with the highest incidence of disease. The handling of invasive N. meningitidis isolates from blood or CSF represents an increased risk to microbiologists. 118,119 Occupational Infections Recent studies of LAI and exposures have indicated that manipulating suspensions of N. meningitidis outside a BSC is associated with a high risk for contracting meningococcal disease. 119 Investigations of potential laboratory-acquired cases of meningococcal diseases in the United States showed a many-fold higher attack rate for microbiologists compared to that of the United States general population age 30- 59 years, and a case fatality rate of 50%, substantially higher than the 12-15% associated with disease among the general population. Almost all the microbiologists had manipulated sterile site isolates on an open laboratory bench. 120 While isolates obtained from respiratory sources are generally less pathogenic and consequently represent lower risk for microbiologists, rigorous protection from droplets or aerosols is mandated when 164
Agent Summary Statements – Bacterial Agents microbiological procedures are performed on all N. meningitidis isolates, especially on those from sterile sites. Natural Modes of Infection The human upper respiratory tract is the natural reservoir for N. meningitidis. Invasion of organisms from the respiratory mucosa into the circulatory system causes infection that can range in severity from subclinical to fulminant fatal disease. Transmission is person-to-person and is usually mediated by direct contact with respiratory droplets from infected individuals. LABORATORY SAFETY N. meningitidis may be present in pharyngeal exudates, CSF, blood, and saliva. Parenteral inoculation, droplet exposure of mucous membranes, infectious aerosol and ingestion are the primary hazards to laboratory personnel. Based on the mechanism of natural infection and the risk associated with handling of isolates on an open laboratory bench, exposure to droplets or aerosols of N. meningitidis is the most likely risk for infection in the laboratory. Containment Recommendations Specimens for N. meningitidis analysis and cultures of N. meningitidis not associated with invasive disease may be handled in BSL-2 facilities with rigorous application of BSL-2 standard practices, special practices, and safety equipment. All sterile-site isolates of N. meningitidis should be manipulated within a BSC. Isolates of unknown source should be treated as sterile-site isolates. If a BSC is unavailable, manipulation of these isolates should be minimized, primarily focused on serogroup identification using phenolized saline solution while wearing laboratory coat, gloves, and safety glasses or full face splash shield. BSL-3 practices and procedures are indicated for activities with a high potential for droplet or aerosol production and for activities involving production quantities or high concentrations of infectious materials. Animal studies should be performed under ABSL-2 conditions. SPECIAL ISSUES Vaccines The quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, which includes serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135, will decrease but not eliminate the risk of infection, because it is less than 100% effective and does not provide protection against serogroup B, which caused one-half of the laboratory-acquired cases in the United States in 2000. 118,120 Laboratorians who are exposed routinely to potential aerosols of N. meningitidis should consider vaccination. 118,121,122 Transfer of Agent Importation of this agent may require CDC and/or USDA importation permits. Domestic transport of this agent may require a permit from USDA/APHIS/VS. 165
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Biosafety in Microbiological and Bi
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SECTION VIII-H: Prion Diseases 299
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Forward Biosafety in Microbiologica
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Editors: L. Casey Chosewood, MD Dir
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Guest Editors: Matthew J. Arduino,
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Charles B. Millard, PhD Lieutenant
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Robert Bull Karen B. Byers Jane Cap
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Thomas L. Miller Douglas M. Moore M
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Robert Yarchoan Uri Yokel Lisa Youn
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Introduction laboratories chose not
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Introduction RISK CRITERIA FOR ESTA
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Introduction BMBL includes an impor
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Section II Biological Risk Assessme
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Biological Risk Assessment informat
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Biological Risk Assessment The NIH
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Biological Risk Assessment effectiv
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Biological Risk Assessment Third, m
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Biological Risk Assessment 14. Oxma
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Principles of Biosafety Safety equi
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Principles of Biosafety Often an in
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Principles of Biosafety Four standa
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Principles of Biosafety 4. Centers
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Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria
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Section V Vertebrate Animal Biosafe
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Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
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Page 113 and 114: Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
Page 119 and 120: TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED BIOS
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• Section VIII-E: Viral Agents Ag
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Agent Summary Statements - Viral Ag
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Agent Summary Statements - Arboviru
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• Section VIII-G: Toxin Agents Se
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins i
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins A
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins L
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins e
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins o
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• Section VIII-H: Prion Diseases
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Agent Summary Statement - Prion Dis
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Appendix A Proper maintenance of ca
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Appendix A declined. However, in ma
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Appendix A It is possible to exhaus
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Appendix A 4. The Class II, Type A2
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Appendix A prohibited. Furthermore,
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Appendix A plastic wrappers, pipett
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Appendix A touch-plate microburners
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Appendix A SECTION VI FACILITY AND
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Appendix A Development of Containme
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Appendix A C. Airflow Smoke Pattern
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Appendix A TABLES Table 1. Selectio
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Appendix A Table 3. Field Performan
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Appendix A FIGURES Figure 1. HEPA f
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Appendix A Figure 3. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 5B. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 8. The Class III
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Appendix A Figure 9B. The vertical
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Appendix A Figure 11. A typical lay
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Appendix A REFERENCES 1. Centers fo
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Appendix B Decontamination and Disi
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Appendix B surfaces are contaminate
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Appendix B TABLE 1 DESCENDING ORDER
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Appendix B dioxide gas exits the ge
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Appendix B d The effectiveness of a
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Appendix C Transportation of Infect
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Appendix C 1600 Clifton Road, N.E.,
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Appendix C disease in humans or in
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Appendix C Biological specimen, Cat
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Appendix D Agriculture Pathogen Bio
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Appendix D simultaneous opening of
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Appendix D 14. Pathological inciner
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Appendix D Wastes and other materia
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Appendix D Camelpox virus b a, b, c
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Appendix D SPECIAL ISSUES The impor
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Appendix D required by the USDA and
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Appendix D depression, anorexia, an
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Appendix D laboratory with enhancem
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Appendix D five day period of conta
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Appendix D slaughterhouses or indus
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Appendix D virus does not cause any
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Appendix D NDV is classified in the
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Appendix D movement permit is requi
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Appendix D Spring Viremia of Carp V
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Appendix D REFERENCES 1. Hess WR. A
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Appendix D 37. Alexander DJ. Newcas
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Appendix E Arthropod Containment Gu
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Appendix F Select Agents and Toxins
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Appendix G IPM issues and requireme
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Appendix H Working with Human, NHP
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Appendix I Guidelines for Work with
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decontaminated periodically, for ex
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0.25N, and/or sodium hypochlorite (
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k Irradiation causes a dose-depende
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7. Morin R, Kozlovac J. Biological
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Appendix J NIH Oversight of Researc
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Appendix K Resources for Informatio
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Appendix K E-mail: http://www2.gsu.
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Appendix K and http://www.who.int/c
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Appendix L HEPA High Efficiency Par
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