credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Agent Summary Statements – Toxins Diagnosis of Laboratory Exposures Diagnosis of SE intoxication is based on clinical and epidemiologic features. Gastric intoxication with SE begins rapidly after exposure (1-4 h) and is characterized by severe vomiting, sometimes accompanied by diarrhea, but without a high fever. At higher exposure levels, intoxication progresses to hypovolemia, dehydration, vasodilatation in the kidneys, and lethal shock. 11 While fever is uncommon after oral ingestion, inhalation of SE causes a marked fever and respiratory distress. Inhalation of SEB causes a severe, incapacitating illness of rapid onset (3-4 h) lasting 3 to 4 days characterized by high fever, headache, and a nonproductive cough; swallowing small amounts of SE during an inhalation exposure may result in gastric symptoms as well. 19 Differential diagnosis of SE inhalation may be unclear initially because the symptoms are similar to those caused by several respiratory pathogens such as influenza, adenovirus, and mycoplasma. Naturally occurring pneumonias or influenza, however, would typically involve patients presenting over a more prolonged interval of time, whereas SE intoxication tends to plateau rapidly, within a few hours. Nonspecific laboratory findings of SE inhalation include a neutrophilic leukocytosis, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and chest X-ray abnormalities consistent with pulmonary edema. 19 Laboratory confirmation of intoxication includes SE detection by immunoassay of environmental and clinical samples, and gene amplification to detect staphylococcal genes in environmental samples. SE may be undetectable in the serum at the time symptoms occur; nevertheless, a serum specimen should be drawn as early as possible after exposure. Data from animal studies suggest the presence of SE in the serum or urine is transient. Respiratory secretions and nasal swabs may demonstrate the toxin early (within 24 h of inhalation exposure). Evaluation of neutralizing antibody titers in acute and convalescent sera of exposed individuals can be undertaken, but may yield false positives resulting from pre-existing antibodies produced in response to natural SE exposure. LABORATORY SAFETY General considerations for the safe use and inactivation of toxins of biological origin are found in Appendix I. Accidental ingestion, parenteral inoculation, and droplet or aerosol exposure of mucous membranes are believed to be the primary hazards of SE for laboratory and animal-care personnel. SE are relatively stable, monomeric proteins, readily soluble in water, and resistant to proteolytic degradation and temperature fluctuations. The physical/chemical stability of SE suggests that additional care must be taken by laboratory workers to avoid exposure to residual toxin that may persist in the environment. 288
Agent Summary Statements – Toxins Active SE toxins may be present in clinical samples, lesion fluids, respiratory secretions, or tissues of exposed animals. Additional care should be taken during necropsy of exposed animals or in handling clinical stool samples because SE toxins retain toxic activity throughout the digestive tract. Accidental laboratory exposures to SE serotype B have been reviewed. 18 Documented accidents included inhalation of SE aerosols generated from pressurized equipment failure, as well as re-aerosolization of residual toxin from the fur of exposed animals. The most common cause of laboratory intoxication with SE is expected to result from accidental self-exposure via the mucous membranes by touching contaminated hands to the face or eyes. Containment Recommendations BSL-2 practices and containment equipment and facilities should be used when handling SE or potentially contaminated material. Because SE is highly active by the oral or ocular exposure route, the use of a laboratory coat, gloves and safety glasses is mandatory when handling toxin or toxin-contaminated solutions. Frequent and careful hand-washing and laboratory decontamination should be strictly enforced when working with SE. Depending upon a risk assessment of the laboratory operation, the use of a disposable face mask may be required to avoid accidental ingestion. BSL-3 facilities, equipment, and practices are indicated for activities with a high potential for aerosol or droplet production and those involving the use of large quantities of SE. SPECIAL ISSUES Vaccines No approved vaccine or specific antidote is currently available for human use, but experimental, recombinant vaccines are under development. Select Agent SE is a Select Agent requiring registration with CDC and/or USDA for possession, use, storage and/or transfer. See Appendix F for additional information. Transfer of Agent Importation of this agent may require CDC and/or USDA importation permits. Domestic transport of this agent may require a permit from USDA/APHIS/VS. A DoC permit may be required for the export of this agent to another country. See Appendix C for additional information. Agent: Ricin Toxin Ricin is produced in maturing seeds of the castor bean, Ricinus communis, which has been recognized for centuries as a highly poisonous plant for humans and livestock. 20 Ricin belongs to a family of ribosome inactivating proteins from plants, including abrin, modeccin, and viscumin, that share a similar overall structure and mechanism of action. 21 The ricin holotoxin is a disulfide-bonded heterodimer composed of an A-chain 289
Page 1 and 2:
Biosafety in Microbiological and Bi
Page 3 and 4:
SECTION VIII-H: Prion Diseases 299
Page 5 and 6:
Forward Biosafety in Microbiologica
Page 7 and 8:
Editors: L. Casey Chosewood, MD Dir
Page 9 and 10:
Guest Editors: Matthew J. Arduino,
Page 11 and 12:
Charles B. Millard, PhD Lieutenant
Page 13 and 14:
Robert Bull Karen B. Byers Jane Cap
Page 15 and 16:
Thomas L. Miller Douglas M. Moore M
Page 17 and 18:
Robert Yarchoan Uri Yokel Lisa Youn
Page 19 and 20:
Introduction laboratories chose not
Page 21 and 22:
Introduction RISK CRITERIA FOR ESTA
Page 23 and 24:
Introduction BMBL includes an impor
Page 25 and 26:
Section II Biological Risk Assessme
Page 27 and 28:
Biological Risk Assessment informat
Page 29 and 30:
Biological Risk Assessment The NIH
Page 31 and 32:
Biological Risk Assessment effectiv
Page 33 and 34:
Biological Risk Assessment Third, m
Page 35 and 36:
Biological Risk Assessment 14. Oxma
Page 37 and 38:
Principles of Biosafety Safety equi
Page 39 and 40:
Principles of Biosafety Often an in
Page 41 and 42:
Principles of Biosafety Four standa
Page 43 and 44:
Principles of Biosafety 4. Centers
Page 45 and 46:
Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Section V Vertebrate Animal Biosafe
Page 77 and 78:
Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED BIOS
Page 121 and 122:
Principles of Laboratory Biosecurit
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Occupational Health and Immunoproph
Page 134 and 135:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Agent Summary Statements - Bacteria
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
• Section VIII-B: Fungal Agents A
Page 187 and 188:
Agent Summary Statements - Fungal A
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
• Section VIII-C: Parasitic Agent
Page 199 and 200:
Agent Summary Statements - Parasiti
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
• Section VIII-D: Rickettsial Age
Page 211 and 212:
Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
Page 213 and 214:
Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
Page 215 and 216:
• Section VIII-E: Viral Agents Ag
Page 217 and 218:
Agent Summary Statements - Viral Ag
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238: Agent Summary Statements - Viral Ag
Page 245 and 246: Agent Summary Statements - Arboviru
Page 285 and 286: • Section VIII-G: Toxin Agents Se
Page 287: Agent Summary Statements - Toxins i
Page 291 and 292: Agent Summary Statements - Toxins L
Page 293 and 294: Agent Summary Statements - Toxins e
Page 295 and 296: Agent Summary Statements - Toxins o
Page 297 and 298: Agent Summary Statements - Toxins t
Page 299 and 300: • Section VIII-H: Prion Diseases
Page 301 and 302: Agent Summary Statement - Prion Dis
Page 307 and 308: Appendix A Proper maintenance of ca
Page 309 and 310: Appendix A declined. However, in ma
Page 311 and 312: Appendix A It is possible to exhaus
Page 313 and 314: Appendix A 4. The Class II, Type A2
Page 315 and 316: Appendix A prohibited. Furthermore,
Page 317 and 318: Appendix A plastic wrappers, pipett
Page 319 and 320: Appendix A touch-plate microburners
Page 321 and 322: Appendix A SECTION VI FACILITY AND
Page 323 and 324: Appendix A Development of Containme
Page 325 and 326: Appendix A C. Airflow Smoke Pattern
Page 327 and 328: Appendix A TABLES Table 1. Selectio
Page 329 and 330: Appendix A Table 3. Field Performan
Page 331 and 332: Appendix A FIGURES Figure 1. HEPA f
Page 333 and 334: Appendix A Figure 3. The Class II,
Page 335 and 336: Appendix A Figure 5B. The Class II,
Page 337 and 338: Appendix A Figure 8. The Class III
Page 339 and 340:
Appendix A Figure 9B. The vertical
Page 341 and 342:
Appendix A Figure 11. A typical lay
Page 343 and 344:
Appendix A REFERENCES 1. Centers fo
Page 345 and 346:
Appendix B Decontamination and Disi
Page 347 and 348:
Appendix B surfaces are contaminate
Page 349 and 350:
Appendix B TABLE 1 DESCENDING ORDER
Page 351 and 352:
Appendix B dioxide gas exits the ge
Page 353 and 354:
Appendix B d The effectiveness of a
Page 355 and 356:
Appendix C Transportation of Infect
Page 357 and 358:
Appendix C 1600 Clifton Road, N.E.,
Page 359 and 360:
Appendix C disease in humans or in
Page 361 and 362:
Appendix C Biological specimen, Cat
Page 363 and 364:
Appendix D Agriculture Pathogen Bio
Page 365 and 366:
Appendix D simultaneous opening of
Page 367 and 368:
Appendix D 14. Pathological inciner
Page 369 and 370:
Appendix D Wastes and other materia
Page 371 and 372:
Appendix D Camelpox virus b a, b, c
Page 373 and 374:
Appendix D SPECIAL ISSUES The impor
Page 375 and 376:
Appendix D required by the USDA and
Page 377 and 378:
Appendix D depression, anorexia, an
Page 379 and 380:
Appendix D laboratory with enhancem
Page 381 and 382:
Appendix D five day period of conta
Page 383 and 384:
Appendix D slaughterhouses or indus
Page 385 and 386:
Appendix D virus does not cause any
Page 387 and 388:
Appendix D NDV is classified in the
Page 389 and 390:
Appendix D movement permit is requi
Page 391 and 392:
Appendix D Spring Viremia of Carp V
Page 393 and 394:
Appendix D REFERENCES 1. Hess WR. A
Page 395 and 396:
Appendix D 37. Alexander DJ. Newcas
Page 397 and 398:
Appendix E Arthropod Containment Gu
Page 399 and 400:
Appendix F Select Agents and Toxins
Page 401 and 402:
Appendix G IPM issues and requireme
Page 403 and 404:
Appendix H Working with Human, NHP
Page 405 and 406:
Appendix I Guidelines for Work with
Page 407 and 408:
decontaminated periodically, for ex
Page 409 and 410:
0.25N, and/or sodium hypochlorite (
Page 411 and 412:
k Irradiation causes a dose-depende
Page 413 and 414:
7. Morin R, Kozlovac J. Biological
Page 415 and 416:
Appendix J NIH Oversight of Researc
Page 417 and 418:
Appendix K Resources for Informatio
Page 419 and 420:
Appendix K E-mail: http://www2.gsu.
Page 421 and 422:
Appendix K and http://www.who.int/c
Page 423 and 424:
Appendix L HEPA High Efficiency Par
show all

credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?