credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

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Agent Summary Statements – Fungal Agents A DoC permit may be required for the export of this agent to another country. See Appendix C for additional information. Agent: Sporothrix schenckii Sporothrix schenckii is a dimorphic fungal pathogen existing in nature and in laboratory cultures at room temperature as a filamentous mold with asexual spores (conidia); these are the infectious particles that convert to small budding yeasts in the parasitic phase in vivo. The sexual stage is unknown. Occupational Infections Most cases of sporotrichosis are reported sporadically following accidental inoculation with contaminated material. Large outbreaks have been documented in persons occupationally or recreationally exposed to soil or plant material containing the fungus. However, S. schenckii has caused a substantial number of local skin or eye infections in laboratory personnel. 34 Most occupational cases have been associated with accidents and have involved splashing culture material into the eye, 35,36 scratching, 37 or injecting 38 infected material into the skin or being bitten by an experimentally infected animal. 39,40 Skin infections in the absence of trauma have resulted also from handling cultures 41-43 or necropsy of animals 44 without any apparent trauma. Natural Modes of Infection The fungus is distributed worldwide in the environment and is associated with sphagnum moss and gardening, often involving sphagnum moss and traumatic implantation. Infections are not transmissible from person-to-person, but require common exposure to a point source. Rare respiratory and zoonotic infections occur. It is thought that naturally occurring lung disease results from inhalation. LABORATORY SAFETY Although localized skin and eye infections have occurred in an occupational setting, no pulmonary infections have been reported as a result from laboratory exposure. It should be noted that serious disseminated infections have been reported in immunocompromised persons. 45 Containment Recommendations BSL-2 and ABSL-2 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are recommended for laboratory handling of suspected clinical specimens, soil and vegetation, and experimental animal activities with S. schenckii. Gloves should be worn during manipulation of S. schenckii and when handling experimentally infected animals. Any culture identifying dimorphic fungi should be handled in a Class II BSC. SPECIAL ISSUES 190
Agent Summary Statements – Fungal Agents Transfer of Agent Importation of this agent may require CDC and/or USDA importation permits. Domestic transport of this agent may require a permit from USDA/APHIS/VS. A DoC permit may be required for the export of this agent to another country. See Appendix C for additional information. Agent: Dermatophytes (Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton) The dermatophytes are biologically related species of the genera, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton that exist as monomorphic pathogens in nature, in laboratory cultures at room temperature and in vivo as filamentous molds. The sexual stages, when known, are Ascomycetes with infectious ascospores. These fungi are distributed worldwide, with particular species being endemic in particular regions. The species are grouped by natural environment habitat as being primarily associated with humans (anthrophilic), other animals (zoophilic), or soil (geophilic). Occupational Infections Although skin, hair, and nail infections by these molds are among the most prevalent of human infections, the processing of clinical material has not been associated with laboratory infections. Infections have been acquired through contacts with naturally or experimentally infected laboratory animals (mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, etc.) and, occasionally, with handling cultures. 26,29,45,46 Systemic dermatophytosis is a rare condition. Superficial chronic infections occur frequently among immunocompromised individuals as well as elderly and diabetic persons. Susceptible individuals should use extra caution. 47-50 Natural Modes of Infection Infections can be transmissible from person-to-person, or acquired from common exposure to a point source. The dermatophytes cause infection (dermatophytosis) by invading the keratinized tissues of living animals and are among the commonest infectious agents of humans. This fungal group encompasses members of three genera: Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. The severity of infection depends on the infective species or strain, the anatomic site and other host factors. One of the most severe dermatophytoses is favus, a disfiguring disease of the scalp caused by Trychophyton schoenleinii. LABORATORY SAFETY Dermatophytes pose a moderate potential hazard to individuals with normal immune status. In the clinical laboratory setting, the inappropriate handling of cultures is the most common source of infection for laboratory personnel. The most common laboratory procedure for detection of the infective dermatophyte is the direct microscopic 191
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Biosafety in Microbiological and Bi
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SECTION VIII-H: Prion Diseases 299
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Forward Biosafety in Microbiologica
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Editors: L. Casey Chosewood, MD Dir
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Guest Editors: Matthew J. Arduino,
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Charles B. Millard, PhD Lieutenant
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Robert Bull Karen B. Byers Jane Cap
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Thomas L. Miller Douglas M. Moore M
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Robert Yarchoan Uri Yokel Lisa Youn
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Introduction laboratories chose not
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Introduction RISK CRITERIA FOR ESTA
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Introduction BMBL includes an impor
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Section II Biological Risk Assessme
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Biological Risk Assessment informat
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Biological Risk Assessment The NIH
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Biological Risk Assessment effectiv
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Biological Risk Assessment Third, m
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Biological Risk Assessment 14. Oxma
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Principles of Biosafety Safety equi
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Principles of Biosafety Often an in
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Principles of Biosafety Four standa
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Principles of Biosafety 4. Centers
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Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria
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Section V Vertebrate Animal Biosafe
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Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
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TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED BIOS
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Principles of Laboratory Biosecurit
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Occupational Health and Immunoproph
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Agent Summary Statements - Viral Ag
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Agent Summary Statements - Viral Ag
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Agent Summary Statements - Arboviru
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• Section VIII-G: Toxin Agents Se
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins i
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins A
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• Section VIII-H: Prion Diseases
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Agent Summary Statement - Prion Dis
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Appendix A Proper maintenance of ca
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Appendix A declined. However, in ma
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Appendix A It is possible to exhaus
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Appendix A 4. The Class II, Type A2
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Appendix A prohibited. Furthermore,
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Appendix A plastic wrappers, pipett
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Appendix A touch-plate microburners
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Appendix A SECTION VI FACILITY AND
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Appendix A Development of Containme
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Appendix A C. Airflow Smoke Pattern
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Appendix A TABLES Table 1. Selectio
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Appendix A Table 3. Field Performan
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Appendix A FIGURES Figure 1. HEPA f
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Appendix A Figure 3. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 5B. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 8. The Class III
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Appendix A Figure 9B. The vertical
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Appendix A Figure 11. A typical lay
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Appendix A REFERENCES 1. Centers fo
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Appendix B Decontamination and Disi
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Appendix B surfaces are contaminate
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Appendix B TABLE 1 DESCENDING ORDER
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Appendix B dioxide gas exits the ge
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Appendix B d The effectiveness of a
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Appendix C Transportation of Infect
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Appendix C 1600 Clifton Road, N.E.,
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Appendix C disease in humans or in
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Appendix C Biological specimen, Cat
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Appendix D Agriculture Pathogen Bio
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Appendix D simultaneous opening of
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Appendix D 14. Pathological inciner
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Appendix D Wastes and other materia
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Appendix D Camelpox virus b a, b, c
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Appendix D SPECIAL ISSUES The impor
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Appendix D required by the USDA and
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Appendix D depression, anorexia, an
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Appendix D laboratory with enhancem
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Appendix D five day period of conta
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Appendix D slaughterhouses or indus
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Appendix D virus does not cause any
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Appendix D NDV is classified in the
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Appendix D movement permit is requi
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Appendix D Spring Viremia of Carp V
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Appendix D REFERENCES 1. Hess WR. A
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Appendix D 37. Alexander DJ. Newcas
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Appendix E Arthropod Containment Gu
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Appendix F Select Agents and Toxins
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Appendix G IPM issues and requireme
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Appendix H Working with Human, NHP
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Appendix I Guidelines for Work with
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decontaminated periodically, for ex
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0.25N, and/or sodium hypochlorite (
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k Irradiation causes a dose-depende
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7. Morin R, Kozlovac J. Biological
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Appendix J NIH Oversight of Researc
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Appendix K Resources for Informatio
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Appendix K E-mail: http://www2.gsu.
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Appendix K and http://www.who.int/c
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Appendix L HEPA High Efficiency Par
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