credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Introduction safer and healthier working environment for laboratory staff and adjacent personnel, and the community. REFERENCES 1. Richardson JH, Barkley WE, editors. Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories. 1 st ed. Washington, DC. 1984. 2. Sulkin SE, Pike RM. Survey of laboratory-acquired infections. Am J Pub Hlth. 1951;41:769-81. 3. Pike RM, Sulkin SE, Schulze ML. Continuing importance of laboratory-acquired infections. Am J Pub Hlth. 1965;55:190-99. 4. Pike RM. Laboratory-associated infections: summary and analysis of 3921 cases. Health Lab Sci. 1976;13:105-14. 5. Pike RM. Past and present hazards of working with infectious agents. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1978;102:333-36. 6. Pike RM. Laboratory-associated infections: incidence, fatalities, causes, and prevention. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1979;33:41-66. 7. Harding AL, Byers KB. Epidemiology of laboratory-associated infections. In: Fleming DO, Hunt DL, editors. Biological safety: principles and practices. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2000:35-54. 8. Staskiewicz J, Lewis CM, Colville J, et al. Outbreak of Brucella melitensis among microbiology laboratory workers in a community hospital. J Clin Microbiol. 1991;29:287-90. 9. Wedum AG. Laboratory safety in research with infectious diseases. Public Health Rep. 1964;79:619-33. 10. Classification of etiological agents on the basis of hazard. 4th ed. Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control (US); 1974. 11. National Cancer Institute safety standards for research involving oncogenic viruses. Bethesda, The Institute; 1974. (DHEW pub; 78-790). 12. Wedum AG. History and epidemiology of laboratory-acquired infections (in relation to the cancer research program). JABSA. 1997;2:12-29. 13. West DL, Twardzik DR, McKinney RW, et al. Identification, analysis, and control of biohazards in viral cancer research. In: Fuscaldo AA, Erlick BJ, Hindman B, editors. Laboratory safety theory and practice. New York: Academic Press; 1980. p. 167-223. 14. NIH guidelines for research involving recombinant DNA molecules. Bethesda: The National Institutes of Health (US), Office of Biotechnology Activities; 2002, April. 15. Rusnak JM, Kortepeter MG, Hawley RJ, et al. Risk of occupationally acquired illnesses from biological threat agents in unvaccinated laboratory workers. Biosecur Bioterror. 2004;2:281-93. 24
Section II Biological Risk Assessment Risk assessment is an important responsibility for directors and principal investigators of microbiological and biomedical laboratories. Institutional biosafety committees (IBC), animal care and use committees, biological safety professionals, and laboratory animal veterinarians share in this responsibility. Risk assessment is a process used to identify the hazardous characteristics of a known infectious or potentially infectious agent or material, the activities that can result in a person’s exposure to an agent, the likelihood that such exposure will cause a LAI, and the probable consequences of such an infection. The information identified by risk assessment will provide a guide for the selection of appropriate biosafety levels and microbiological practices, safety equipment, and facility safeguards that can prevent LAIs. Laboratory directors and principal investigators should use risk assessment to alert their staffs to the hazards of working with infectious agents and to the need for developing proficiency in the use of selected safe practices and containment equipment. Successful control of hazards in the laboratory also protects persons not directly associated with the laboratory, such as other occupants of the same building, and the public. Risk assessment requires careful judgment. Adverse consequences are more likely to occur if the risks are underestimated. By contrast, imposition of safeguards more rigorous than actually needed may result in additional expense and burden for the laboratory, with little safety enhancement. Unnecessary burden may result in circumvention of required safeguards. However, where there is insufficient information to make a clear determination of risk, it is prudent to consider the need for additional safeguards until more data are available. The primary factors to consider in risk assessment and selection of precautions fall into two broad categories: agent hazards and laboratory procedure hazards. In addition, the capability of the laboratory staff to control hazards must be considered. This capability will depend on the training, technical proficiency, and good habits of all members of the laboratory, and the operational integrity of containment equipment and facility safeguards. The agent summary statements contained in BMBL identify the primary agent and procedure hazards for specific pathogens and recommend precautions for their control. The guest editors and contributors of this and previous editions of BMBL based their recommendations on an assessment of the risks associated with the handling of pathogens using generally routine generic laboratory procedures. A review of the summary statement for a specific pathogen is a helpful starting point for assessment of the risks of working with that agent and those for a similar agent. HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AGENT The principal hazardous characteristics of an agent are: its capability to infect and cause disease in a susceptible human or animal host, its virulence as measured by the severity of disease, and the availability of preventive measures and effective treatments for the disease. The 25
Page 1 and 2: Biosafety in Microbiological and Bi
Page 3 and 4: SECTION VIII-H: Prion Diseases 299
Page 5 and 6: Forward Biosafety in Microbiologica
Page 7 and 8: Editors: L. Casey Chosewood, MD Dir
Page 9 and 10: Guest Editors: Matthew J. Arduino,
Page 11 and 12: Charles B. Millard, PhD Lieutenant
Page 13 and 14: Robert Bull Karen B. Byers Jane Cap
Page 15 and 16: Thomas L. Miller Douglas M. Moore M
Page 17 and 18: Robert Yarchoan Uri Yokel Lisa Youn
Page 19 and 20: Introduction laboratories chose not
Page 21 and 22: Introduction RISK CRITERIA FOR ESTA
Page 23: Introduction BMBL includes an impor
Page 27 and 28: Biological Risk Assessment informat
Page 29 and 30: Biological Risk Assessment The NIH
Page 31 and 32: Biological Risk Assessment effectiv
Page 33 and 34: Biological Risk Assessment Third, m
Page 35 and 36: Biological Risk Assessment 14. Oxma
Page 37 and 38: Principles of Biosafety Safety equi
Page 39 and 40: Principles of Biosafety Often an in
Page 41 and 42: Principles of Biosafety Four standa
Page 43 and 44: Principles of Biosafety 4. Centers
Page 45 and 46: Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria
Page 75 and 76:
Section V Vertebrate Animal Biosafe
Page 77 and 78:
Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED BIOS
Page 121 and 122:
Principles of Laboratory Biosecurit
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Occupational Health and Immunoproph
Page 134 and 135:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Agent Summary Statements - Bacteria
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
• Section VIII-B: Fungal Agents A
Page 187 and 188:
Agent Summary Statements - Fungal A
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
• Section VIII-C: Parasitic Agent
Page 199 and 200:
Agent Summary Statements - Parasiti
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
• Section VIII-D: Rickettsial Age
Page 211 and 212:
Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
Page 213 and 214:
Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
Page 215 and 216:
• Section VIII-E: Viral Agents Ag
Page 217 and 218:
Agent Summary Statements - Viral Ag
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Agent Summary Statements - Arboviru
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
• Section VIII-G: Toxin Agents Se
Page 287 and 288:
Agent Summary Statements - Toxins i
Page 289 and 290:
Agent Summary Statements - Toxins A
Page 291 and 292:
Agent Summary Statements - Toxins L
Page 293 and 294:
Agent Summary Statements - Toxins e
Page 295 and 296:
Agent Summary Statements - Toxins o
Page 297 and 298:
Agent Summary Statements - Toxins t
Page 299 and 300:
• Section VIII-H: Prion Diseases
Page 301 and 302:
Agent Summary Statement - Prion Dis
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Appendix A Proper maintenance of ca
Page 309 and 310:
Appendix A declined. However, in ma
Page 311 and 312:
Appendix A It is possible to exhaus
Page 313 and 314:
Appendix A 4. The Class II, Type A2
Page 315 and 316:
Appendix A prohibited. Furthermore,
Page 317 and 318:
Appendix A plastic wrappers, pipett
Page 319 and 320:
Appendix A touch-plate microburners
Page 321 and 322:
Appendix A SECTION VI FACILITY AND
Page 323 and 324:
Appendix A Development of Containme
Page 325 and 326:
Appendix A C. Airflow Smoke Pattern
Page 327 and 328:
Appendix A TABLES Table 1. Selectio
Page 329 and 330:
Appendix A Table 3. Field Performan
Page 331 and 332:
Appendix A FIGURES Figure 1. HEPA f
Page 333 and 334:
Appendix A Figure 3. The Class II,
Page 335 and 336:
Appendix A Figure 5B. The Class II,
Page 337 and 338:
Appendix A Figure 8. The Class III
Page 339 and 340:
Appendix A Figure 9B. The vertical
Page 341 and 342:
Appendix A Figure 11. A typical lay
Page 343 and 344:
Appendix A REFERENCES 1. Centers fo
Page 345 and 346:
Appendix B Decontamination and Disi
Page 347 and 348:
Appendix B surfaces are contaminate
Page 349 and 350:
Appendix B TABLE 1 DESCENDING ORDER
Page 351 and 352:
Appendix B dioxide gas exits the ge
Page 353 and 354:
Appendix B d The effectiveness of a
Page 355 and 356:
Appendix C Transportation of Infect
Page 357 and 358:
Appendix C 1600 Clifton Road, N.E.,
Page 359 and 360:
Appendix C disease in humans or in
Page 361 and 362:
Appendix C Biological specimen, Cat
Page 363 and 364:
Appendix D Agriculture Pathogen Bio
Page 365 and 366:
Appendix D simultaneous opening of
Page 367 and 368:
Appendix D 14. Pathological inciner
Page 369 and 370:
Appendix D Wastes and other materia
Page 371 and 372:
Appendix D Camelpox virus b a, b, c
Page 373 and 374:
Appendix D SPECIAL ISSUES The impor
Page 375 and 376:
Appendix D required by the USDA and
Page 377 and 378:
Appendix D depression, anorexia, an
Page 379 and 380:
Appendix D laboratory with enhancem
Page 381 and 382:
Appendix D five day period of conta
Page 383 and 384:
Appendix D slaughterhouses or indus
Page 385 and 386:
Appendix D virus does not cause any
Page 387 and 388:
Appendix D NDV is classified in the
Page 389 and 390:
Appendix D movement permit is requi
Page 391 and 392:
Appendix D Spring Viremia of Carp V
Page 393 and 394:
Appendix D REFERENCES 1. Hess WR. A
Page 395 and 396:
Appendix D 37. Alexander DJ. Newcas
Page 397 and 398:
Appendix E Arthropod Containment Gu
Page 399 and 400:
Appendix F Select Agents and Toxins
Page 401 and 402:
Appendix G IPM issues and requireme
Page 403 and 404:
Appendix H Working with Human, NHP
Page 405 and 406:
Appendix I Guidelines for Work with
Page 407 and 408:
decontaminated periodically, for ex
Page 409 and 410:
0.25N, and/or sodium hypochlorite (
Page 411 and 412:
k Irradiation causes a dose-depende
Page 413 and 414:
7. Morin R, Kozlovac J. Biological
Page 415 and 416:
Appendix J NIH Oversight of Researc
Page 417 and 418:
Appendix K Resources for Informatio
Page 419 and 420:
Appendix K E-mail: http://www2.gsu.
Page 421 and 422:
Appendix K and http://www.who.int/c
Page 423 and 424:
Appendix L HEPA High Efficiency Par
show all

credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?