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Appendix D The importation, possession, or use of this agent is prohibited or restricted by law or by USDA regulations or administrative policies. A USDA/APHIS import or interstate movement permit is required to obtain this agent or any livestock or poultry product, such as blood, serum, or other tissues containing the agent. Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD) Swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) is classified in the genus Enterovirus, the family Picornaviridae, and is closely related to the human enterovirus coxsackievirus B5. 50 The virus is the causative agent of SVD, a contagious disease of pigs characterized by fever and vesicles with subsequent erosion in the mouth and on the snout, feet, and teats. 51,52 The major importance of SVD is that it clinically resembles FMD, and any outbreaks of vesicular disease in pigs must be assumed to be FMD until proven otherwise by laboratory tests. Occupational Infections SVDV can cause an “influenza-like” illness in man 1 and human infection has been reported in laboratory personnel working with the virus. 53,54 The virus may be present in blood, vesicular fluid, and tissues of infected pigs. Direct and indirect contacts of infected materials, contaminated laboratory surfaces, and accidental autoinoculation, are the primary hazards to laboratory personnel. LABORATORY SAFETY Laboratory practices for SVDV are principally designed to prevent transmission to susceptible livestock, but also to protect workers. Gloves are recommended for the necropsy and handling of infected animals and cell cultures. The greatest risk of working with SVD is the escape of the organism into susceptible animal populations, which would necessitate USDA emergency procedures to contain and eradicate the disease. 55 Containment Recommendations SVD is considered a foreign animal disease in the United States. Due to the severe economic consequences of disease presence in the United States, SVDV should only be handled in vitro in a BSL-3 laboratory with enhancements as required by the USDA and in vivo in a USDA-approved ABSL-3 animal facility with enhancements. SPECIAL ISSUES The importation, possession, or use of this agent is prohibited or restricted by law or by USDA regulations or administrative policies. A USDA/APHIS import or interstate movement permit is required to obtain this agent or any livestock or poultry product, such as blood, serum, or other tissues containing the agent. 392
Appendix D REFERENCES 1. Hess WR. African swine fever virus. Virol Monogr. 1971;9:1-33. 2. Mebus CA. African swine fever. Adv Virus Res. 1988;35:251-69. 3. Mebus CA. African swine fever. In: Mebus CA, editor. Foreign animal diseases. Richmond (VA): U.S. Animal Health Association; 1998. p. 52-61. 4. M’Fadyean J. African horse sickness. J Comp Path Ther. 1900;13:1-20. 5. Erasmus BJ. African horse sickness. In: Mebus CA, editor. Foreign animal diseases. Richmond (VA): U.S. Animal Health Association; 1998. p. 41-51. 6. Della-Porta AJ, O'Halloran ML, Parsonson M, et al. Akabane disease: isolation of the virus from naturally infected ovine foetuses. Aust Vet J. 1977;53:51-2. 7. St. George TD. Akabane. In: Mebus CA, editor. Foreign animal diseases. Richmond (VA): U.S. Animal Health Association; 1998. p. 62-70. 8. Bowne JG. Bluetongue disease. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med. 1971;15:1-46. 9. Stott JL. Bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease. In: Mebus CA, editor. Foreign animal diseases. Richmond (VA): U.S. Animal Health Association; 1998. p. 106-17. 10. Van Oirschot JT, Terpstra C. Hog cholera virus. In: Pensaert MB, editor. Virus infections of porcines. New York: Elsever Science Publishers; 1989. p. 113-30. 11. Van Oirschot JT. Classical swine fever. In: Straw BE, D’Allaire S, Mengelng W, et al. Diseases of swine. 8th ed. Ames (IA): Iowa State <strong>University</strong> Press; 1999. p. 159-72. 12. Dulac DC. Hog cholera. In: Mebus CA, editor. Foreign animal diseases. Richmond (VA): U.S. Animal Health Association; 1998. p. 273-82. 13. Thiaucourt F. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. In: Manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals: mammals, birds and bees. Paris: Office International des Épizooties; 2004. p. 163-74. 14. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. In: Aiello SE, Mays A, editors. The Merck veterinary manual. 8th ed. Whitehouse Station (NJ): Merck and Company; 1998. p. 1078-9. 15. Brown, C. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. In: Mebus CA, editor. Foreign animal diseases. Richmond (VA): U.S. Animal Health Association; 1998. p. 154- 60. 16. Cottew GS. Overview of mycoplasmoses in sheep and goats. Isr J Med Sci. 1984;20:962-4. 17. DaMassa AJ, Wakenell PS, Brooks DL. Mycoplasmas of goats and sheep. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1992;4:101-13. 18. Mare JC. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. In: Mebus CA, editor. Foreign animal diseases. Richmond (VA): U.S. Animal Health Association; 1998. p. 161- 9. 19. Cottew GS, Breard A, DaMassa AJ. Taxonomy of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. Isr. J Med Sci. 1987;23:632-5. 20. Christiansen C, Erno H. Classification of the F38 group of caprine Mycoplasma strains by DNA hybridization. J Gen Microbiol. 1982;128:2523-6. 393
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Biosafety in Microbiological and Bi
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SECTION VIII-H: Prion Diseases 299
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Forward Biosafety in Microbiologica
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Editors: L. Casey Chosewood, MD Dir
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Guest Editors: Matthew J. Arduino,
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Charles B. Millard, PhD Lieutenant
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Robert Bull Karen B. Byers Jane Cap
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Thomas L. Miller Douglas M. Moore M
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Robert Yarchoan Uri Yokel Lisa Youn
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Introduction laboratories chose not
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Introduction RISK CRITERIA FOR ESTA
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Introduction BMBL includes an impor
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Section II Biological Risk Assessme
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Biological Risk Assessment informat
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Biological Risk Assessment The NIH
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Biological Risk Assessment effectiv
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Biological Risk Assessment Third, m
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Biological Risk Assessment 14. Oxma
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Principles of Biosafety Safety equi
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Principles of Biosafety Often an in
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Principles of Biosafety Four standa
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Principles of Biosafety 4. Centers
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Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria
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Section V Vertebrate Animal Biosafe
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Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
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TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED BIOS
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Principles of Laboratory Biosecurit
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Occupational Health and Immunoproph
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Agent Summary Statements - Bacteria
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• Section VIII-B: Fungal Agents A
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Agent Summary Statements - Fungal A
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• Section VIII-C: Parasitic Agent
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Agent Summary Statements - Parasiti
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Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
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Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
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• Section VIII-E: Viral Agents Ag
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Agent Summary Statements - Viral Ag
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Appendix A Proper maintenance of ca
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Appendix A declined. However, in ma
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Appendix A It is possible to exhaus
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Appendix A 4. The Class II, Type A2
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Appendix A prohibited. Furthermore,
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Appendix A plastic wrappers, pipett
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Appendix A touch-plate microburners
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Appendix A SECTION VI FACILITY AND
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Appendix A Development of Containme
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Appendix A C. Airflow Smoke Pattern
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Appendix A TABLES Table 1. Selectio
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Appendix A Table 3. Field Performan
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Appendix A FIGURES Figure 1. HEPA f
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Appendix A Figure 3. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 5B. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 8. The Class III
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Appendix A Figure 9B. The vertical
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Page 405 and 406: Appendix I Guidelines for Work with
Page 407 and 408: decontaminated periodically, for ex
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Page 411 and 412: k Irradiation causes a dose-depende
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