credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

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Appendix A The Class II (Types A1, A2, B1 and B2) 8 BSCs provide personnel, environmental and product protection. Airflow is drawn into the front grille of the cabinet, providing personnel protection. In addition, the downward laminar flow of HEPA-filtered air provides product protection by minimizing the chance of cross-contamination across the work surface of the cabinet. Because cabinet exhaust air is passed through a certified HEPA filter, it is particulate-free (environmental protection), and may be recirculated to the laboratory (Type A1 and A2 BSCs) or discharged from the building via a canopy connection. Exhaust air from Types B1 and B2 BSCs must be discharged to the outdoors via a hard connection. HEPA filters are effective at trapping particulates and thus infectious agents but do not capture volatile chemicals or gases. Only Type A2-exhausted or Types B1and B2 BSCs exhausting to the outside should be used when working with volatile, toxic chemicals, but amounts must be limited (See Table 2). All Class II cabinets are designed for work involving microorganisms assigned to biosafety levels 1, 2 and 3. 1 Class II BSCs provide the microbe-free work environment necessary for cell culture propagation and also may be used for the formulation of nonvolatile antineoplastic or chemotherapeutic drugs. 9 Class II BSCs may be used with organisms requiring BSL-4 containment if used in a BSL-4 suit laboratory by a worker wearing a positive pressure protective suit. 1. The Class II, Type A1 BSC. An internal blower (Figure 3) draws sufficient room air through the front grille to maintain a minimum calculated or measured average inflow velocity of at least 75 lfpm at the face opening of the cabinet. The supply air flows through a HEPA filter and provides particulate-free air to the work surface. Laminar airflow reduces turbulence in the work zone and minimizes the potential for cross-contamination. The downward moving air "splits" as it approaches the work surface; the blower draws part of the air to the front grille and the remainder to the rear grille. Although there are variations among different cabinets, this split generally occurs about halfway between the front and rear grilles and two to six inches above the work surface. The air is discharged through the front and rear grilles under negative air pressure into a blower and pushed into the space between the supply and exhaust filters. Due to the relative size of these two filters, approximately 30% of the air passes through the exhaust HEPA filter and 70% recirculates through the supply HEPA filter back into the work zone. Most Class II, Type A1 and A2 cabinets have dampers to modulate this division of airflow. A Class II Type A1 BSC is not to be used for work involving volatile toxic chemicals. The buildup of chemical vapors in the cabinet (by recirculated air) and in the laboratory (from exhaust air) could create health and safety hazards (See Section IV). 310
Appendix A It is possible to exhaust the air from a Type A1 or A2 cabinet outside of the building. However, it must be done in a manner that does not alter the balance of the cabinet exhaust system, and thereby disturbing the internal cabinet airflow. The proper method of connecting a Type A1 or A2 cabinet to the building exhaust system is through use of a canopy hood, 8,10 which provides a small opening or air gap (usually 1 inch) around the cabinet exhaust filter housing (Figure 4). The volume of the building exhaust must be sufficient to maintain the flow of room air into the gap between the canopy unit and the filter housing. a The canopy must be removable or be designed to allow for operational testing of the cabinet (See Section VI). Class II Type A1 or A2 cabinets should never be hard-ducted to the building exhaust system. 8 Fluctuations in air volume and pressure that are common to all building exhaust systems make it difficult to match the airflow requirements of the cabinet. Existing Class II Type A1 or A2 hard ducted exhaust connections can be altered and the room air balanced to allow for the recommended air gap inflows to avoid fluctuations in airflow. This may require added building exhaust system capacity. a 2. The Class II, Type B1 BSC. Some biomedical research requires the use of small quantities of hazardous chemicals, such as carcinogens. The powdered form of these carcinogens should be weighed or manipulated in a chemical fume hood or a static-air glove box equipped with a double-door airlock. Carcinogens used in cell culture or microbial systems require both biological and chemical containment. 11 The Class II, Type B cabinet originated with the National Cancer Institute (NCI)- designed Type 2 12 (later called Type B) BSC (Figure 5A), and was designed for manipulations of minute quantities of these hazardous chemicals with in vitro biological systems. The NSF International NSF/ANSI Standard 49 - 2002 definition of Type B1 cabinets 8 includes this classic NCI design Type B, as well as cabinets without supply HEPA filters located immediately below the work surface (Figure 5B), and/or those with exhaust/recirculation downflow splits other than exactly 70/30%. The cabinet supply blowers draw room air (plus a portion of the cabinet's recirculated air) through the front grille and through the supply HEPA filters located immediately below the work surface. This particulate-free air flows upward through a plenum at each side of the cabinet and then downward to the work area through a back-pressure plate. In some cabinets there is an additional supply HEPA filter to remove particulates that may be generated by the blowermotor system. Room air is drawn through the face opening of the cabinet at a minimum measured inflow velocity of 100 lfpm. As with the Type A1 and A2 cabinets, there is a split in the down-flowing air stream just above the work surface. In the a Contact manufacturers for any additional specifications. 311
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Biosafety in Microbiological and Bi
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SECTION VIII-H: Prion Diseases 299
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Forward Biosafety in Microbiologica
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Editors: L. Casey Chosewood, MD Dir
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Guest Editors: Matthew J. Arduino,
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Charles B. Millard, PhD Lieutenant
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Robert Bull Karen B. Byers Jane Cap
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Thomas L. Miller Douglas M. Moore M
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Robert Yarchoan Uri Yokel Lisa Youn
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Introduction laboratories chose not
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Introduction RISK CRITERIA FOR ESTA
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Introduction BMBL includes an impor
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Section II Biological Risk Assessme
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Biological Risk Assessment informat
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Biological Risk Assessment The NIH
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Biological Risk Assessment effectiv
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Biological Risk Assessment Third, m
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Biological Risk Assessment 14. Oxma
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Principles of Biosafety Safety equi
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Principles of Biosafety Often an in
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Principles of Biosafety Four standa
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Principles of Biosafety 4. Centers
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Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria
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Section V Vertebrate Animal Biosafe
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Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
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TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED BIOS
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Principles of Laboratory Biosecurit
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Occupational Health and Immunoproph
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Agent Summary Statements - Bacteria
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• Section VIII-B: Fungal Agents A
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Agent Summary Statements - Viral Ag
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Appendix C Biological specimen, Cat
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Appendix D Agriculture Pathogen Bio
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Appendix D simultaneous opening of
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Appendix D 14. Pathological inciner
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Appendix D Wastes and other materia
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Appendix D Camelpox virus b a, b, c
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Appendix D SPECIAL ISSUES The impor
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Appendix D required by the USDA and
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Appendix D depression, anorexia, an
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Appendix D laboratory with enhancem
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Appendix D five day period of conta
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Appendix D slaughterhouses or indus
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Appendix D virus does not cause any
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Appendix D NDV is classified in the
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Appendix D movement permit is requi
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Appendix D Spring Viremia of Carp V
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Appendix D REFERENCES 1. Hess WR. A
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Appendix D 37. Alexander DJ. Newcas
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Appendix E Arthropod Containment Gu
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Appendix F Select Agents and Toxins
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Appendix G IPM issues and requireme
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Appendix H Working with Human, NHP
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Appendix I Guidelines for Work with
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decontaminated periodically, for ex
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0.25N, and/or sodium hypochlorite (
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k Irradiation causes a dose-depende
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7. Morin R, Kozlovac J. Biological
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Appendix J NIH Oversight of Researc
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Appendix K Resources for Informatio
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Appendix K E-mail: http://www2.gsu.
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Appendix K and http://www.who.int/c
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Appendix L HEPA High Efficiency Par
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