credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

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Agent Summary Statements – Bacterial Agents SPECIAL ISSUES Select Agent F. tularensis is a Select Agent requiring registration with CDC and/or USDA for possession, use, storage and/or transfer. See Appendix F for additional information. Transfer of Agent Importation of this agent may require CDC and/or USDA importation permits. Domestic transport of this agent may require a permit from USDA/APHIS/VS. A DoC permit may be required for the export of this agent to another country. See Appendix C for additional information. Agent: Helicobacter species Helicobacters are spiral or curved gram-negative rods isolated from gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary tracts of mammals and birds. There are currently 20 recognized species, including at least nine that have been isolated from humans. Since its discovery in 1982, Helicobacter pylori has received increasing attention as an agent of gastritis. 70 The main habitat of H. pylori is the human gastric mucosa. Other Helicobacter spp. (H. cinaedi, H. canadensis, H. canis, H. pullorum, and H. fennelliae) may cause asymptomatic infection as well as proctitis, proctocolitis, enteritis and extraintestinal infections in humans. 71,72 H. cinaedi has been isolated from dogs, cats and Syrian hamsters. Occupational Infections Both experimental and accidental LAI with H. pylori have been reported. 73,74 Ingestion is the primary known laboratory hazard. The importance of aerosol exposures is unknown. Natural Modes of Infection Chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcers are associated with H. pylori infection. Epidemiologic associations have also been made with gastric adenocarcinoma. Human infection with H. pylori may be long in duration with few or no symptoms, or may present as an acute gastric illness. Transmission, while incompletely understood, is thought to be by the fecal-oral or oral-oral route. LABORATORY SAFETY H. pylori may be present in gastric and oral secretions and stool. 75 The enterohepatic helicobacters (e.g., H. canadensis, H. canis, H, cinaedi, H. fennelliae, H. pullorum, and H. winghamensis) may be isolated from stool specimens, rectal swabs, and blood cultures. 72 Protocols involving homogenization or vortexing of gastric specimens have been described for the isolation of H. pylori. 76 Containment of potential aerosols or droplets should be incorporated in these procedures. 154
Agent Summary Statements – Bacterial Agents Containment Recommendations BSL-2 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are recommended for activities with clinical materials and cultures known to contain or potentially contain the agents. ABSL-2 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are recommended for activities with experimentally or naturally infected animals. SPECIAL ISSUES Transfer of Agent Importation of this agent may require CDC and/or USDA importation permits. Domestic transport of this agent may require a permit from USDA/APHIS/VS. A DoC permit may be required for the export of this agent to another country. See Appendix C for additional information. Agent: Legionella pneumophila and other Legionella-like Agents Legionella are small, faintly staining gram-negative bacteria. They are obligately aerobic, slow-growing, nonfermentative organisms that have a unique requirement for L- cysteine and iron salts for in vitro growth. Legionellae are readily found in natural aquatic bodies and some species (L. longbeachae) have been recovered from soil. 77,78 They are able to colonize hot-water tanks at a temperature range from 40 to 50°C. There are currently 48 known Legionella species, 20 of which have been associated with human disease. L. pneumophila is the species most frequently encountered in human infections. 79-81 Occupational Infections Although laboratory-associated cases of legionellosis have not been reported in the literature, at least one case, due to presumed aerosol or droplet exposure during animal challenge studies with L. pneumophila, has been recorded. 82 Experimental infections have been produced in guinea pigs, mice, rats, embryonated chicken eggs, and human or animal cell lines. 83 A fatal case of pneumonia due to L. pneumophila was diagnosed in a calf, but only 1.7% (2/112) of the other cattle in the herd had serological evidence of exposure to Legionella. 84 The disease was linked to exposure to a hot water system colonized with Legionella. Animal-to-animal transmission has not been demonstrated. Natural Modes of Infection Legionella is commonly found in environmental sources, typically in man-made warm water systems. The mode of transmission from these reservoirs is aerosolization, aspiration or direct inoculation into the airway. 85 Direct person-to-person transmission does not occur. The spectrum of illness caused by Legionella species ranges from a mild, self-limited flu-like illness (Pontiac fever) to a disseminated and often fatal disease characterized by pneumonia and respiratory failure (Legionnaires disease). Although 155
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Biosafety in Microbiological and Bi
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SECTION VIII-H: Prion Diseases 299
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Forward Biosafety in Microbiologica
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Editors: L. Casey Chosewood, MD Dir
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Guest Editors: Matthew J. Arduino,
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Charles B. Millard, PhD Lieutenant
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Robert Bull Karen B. Byers Jane Cap
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Thomas L. Miller Douglas M. Moore M
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Robert Yarchoan Uri Yokel Lisa Youn
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Introduction laboratories chose not
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Introduction RISK CRITERIA FOR ESTA
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Introduction BMBL includes an impor
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Section II Biological Risk Assessme
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Biological Risk Assessment informat
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Biological Risk Assessment The NIH
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Biological Risk Assessment effectiv
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Biological Risk Assessment Third, m
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Biological Risk Assessment 14. Oxma
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Principles of Biosafety Safety equi
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Principles of Biosafety Often an in
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Principles of Biosafety Four standa
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Principles of Biosafety 4. Centers
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Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria
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Section V Vertebrate Animal Biosafe
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Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
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Page 103 and 104: Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
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Agent Summary Statements - Parasiti
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Agent Summary Statements - Parasiti
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• Section VIII-D: Rickettsial Age
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Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
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Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
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• Section VIII-E: Viral Agents Ag
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Agent Summary Statements - Viral Ag
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Agent Summary Statements - Arboviru
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• Section VIII-G: Toxin Agents Se
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins i
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins A
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins L
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• Section VIII-H: Prion Diseases
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Agent Summary Statement - Prion Dis
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Appendix A Proper maintenance of ca
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Appendix A declined. However, in ma
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Appendix A It is possible to exhaus
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Appendix A 4. The Class II, Type A2
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Appendix A prohibited. Furthermore,
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Appendix A plastic wrappers, pipett
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Appendix A touch-plate microburners
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Appendix A SECTION VI FACILITY AND
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Appendix A Development of Containme
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Appendix A C. Airflow Smoke Pattern
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Appendix A TABLES Table 1. Selectio
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Appendix A Table 3. Field Performan
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Appendix A FIGURES Figure 1. HEPA f
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Appendix A Figure 3. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 5B. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 8. The Class III
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Appendix A Figure 9B. The vertical
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Appendix A Figure 11. A typical lay
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Appendix A REFERENCES 1. Centers fo
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Appendix B Decontamination and Disi
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Appendix B surfaces are contaminate
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Appendix B TABLE 1 DESCENDING ORDER
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Appendix B dioxide gas exits the ge
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Appendix B d The effectiveness of a
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Appendix C Transportation of Infect
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Appendix C 1600 Clifton Road, N.E.,
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Appendix C disease in humans or in
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Appendix C Biological specimen, Cat
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Appendix D Agriculture Pathogen Bio
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Appendix D simultaneous opening of
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Appendix D 14. Pathological inciner
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Appendix D Wastes and other materia
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Appendix D Camelpox virus b a, b, c
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Appendix D SPECIAL ISSUES The impor
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Appendix D required by the USDA and
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Appendix D depression, anorexia, an
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Appendix D laboratory with enhancem
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Appendix D five day period of conta
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Appendix D slaughterhouses or indus
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Appendix D virus does not cause any
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Appendix D NDV is classified in the
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Appendix D movement permit is requi
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Appendix D Spring Viremia of Carp V
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Appendix D REFERENCES 1. Hess WR. A
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Appendix D 37. Alexander DJ. Newcas
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Appendix E Arthropod Containment Gu
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Appendix F Select Agents and Toxins
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Appendix G IPM issues and requireme
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Appendix H Working with Human, NHP
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Appendix I Guidelines for Work with
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decontaminated periodically, for ex
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0.25N, and/or sodium hypochlorite (
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k Irradiation causes a dose-depende
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7. Morin R, Kozlovac J. Biological
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Appendix J NIH Oversight of Researc
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Appendix K Resources for Informatio
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Appendix K E-mail: http://www2.gsu.
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Appendix K and http://www.who.int/c
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Appendix L HEPA High Efficiency Par
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