credits bmbl December 7 '06.doc - Central Michigan University

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Appendix H REFERENCES 1. Doblhoff-Dier O, Stacey G. Cell lines: applications and biosafety. In: Fleming D, Hunt D, editors. Biological safety: principles and practices. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2000. p. 221-39. 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: universal precautions for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and other bloodborne pathogens in healthcare settings. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1988;37:377-82, 387-8. 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus to healthcare and public safety workers. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1989;38;No.SU-06. 4. Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Final Rule. Standard interpretations: applicability of 1910.1030 to established human cell lines, 29 C.F.R. Sect. 1910.1030 (1991). 5. McGarrity GJ, Coriell LL. Procedures to reduce contamination of cell cultures. In Vitro. 1971;6:257-65. 6. McGarrity GJ. Spread and control of mycoplasmal infection of cell culture. In Vitro. 1976;12:643-8. 7. Caputo JL. Safety procedures. In: Freshney RI Freshney MG, editors. Culture of immortalized cells. New York: Wiley-Liss; 1996. 8. Weiss RA. Why cell biologists should be aware of genetically transmitted viruses. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr.1978;48:183-9. 9. Gugel EA, Sanders ME. Needle-stick transmission of human colonic adenocarcinoma (letter). N Engl J Med. 1986;315:1487. 10. Barkley WE. Safety considerations in the cell culture laboratory. Methods Enzymol. 1979;58:36-43. 11. Grizzle WE, Polt S. Guidelines to avoid personnel contamination by infective agents in research laboratories that use human tissues. J Tissue Cult Methods. 1988;11:191-9. 12. Caputo JL. Biosafety procedures in cell culture. J of Tissue Cult Methods. 1988;11:233-7. 404
Appendix I Guidelines for Work with Toxins of Biological Origin Biological toxins comprise a broad range of poisons, predominantly of natural origin but increasingly accessible by modern synthetic methods, which may cause death or severe incapacitation at relatively low exposure levels. 1,2 Laboratory safety principles are summarized herein for several toxins currently regulated as “Select Agent Toxins,” including BoNT, SE, ricin and selected LMW toxins. Additional details are provided in the agent summary statements. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR TOXIN USE Laboratory work with most toxins, in amounts routinely employed in the biomedical sciences, can be performed safely with minimal risk to the worker and negligible risk to the surrounding community. Toxins do not replicate, are not infectious, and are difficult to transmit mechanically or manually from person to person. Many commonly employed toxins have very low volatility and, especially in the case of protein toxins, are relatively unstable in the environment; these characteristics further limit the spread of toxins. Toxins can be handled using established general guidelines for toxic or highlytoxic chemicals with the incorporation of additional safety and security measures based upon a risk assessment for each specific laboratory operation. 3,4 The main laboratory risks are accidental exposure by direct contamination of mouth, eyes or other mucous membranes; by inadvertent aerosol generation; and by needle-sticks or other accidents that may compromise the normal barrier of the skin. TRAINING AND LABORATORY PLANNING Each laboratory worker must be trained in the theory and practice of the toxins to be used, with special emphasis on the nature of the practical hazards associated with laboratory operations. This includes how to handle transfers of liquids containing toxin, where to place waste solutions and contaminated materials or equipment, and how to decontaminate work areas after routine operations, as well as after accidental spills. The worker must be reliable and sufficiently adept at all required manipulations before being provided with toxin. A risk assessment should be conducted to develop safe operating procedures before undertaking laboratory operations with toxins; suggested “pre-operational checklists” for working with toxins are available. 4 For complex operations, it is recommended that new workers undergo supervised practice runs in which the exact laboratory procedures to be undertaken are rehearsed without active toxin. If toxins and infectious agents are used together, then both must be considered when containment equipment is selected and safety procedures are developed. Likewise, animal safety practices must be considered for toxin work involving animals. 405
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Biosafety in Microbiological and Bi
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SECTION VIII-H: Prion Diseases 299
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Forward Biosafety in Microbiologica
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Editors: L. Casey Chosewood, MD Dir
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Guest Editors: Matthew J. Arduino,
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Charles B. Millard, PhD Lieutenant
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Robert Bull Karen B. Byers Jane Cap
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Thomas L. Miller Douglas M. Moore M
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Robert Yarchoan Uri Yokel Lisa Youn
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Introduction laboratories chose not
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Introduction RISK CRITERIA FOR ESTA
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Introduction BMBL includes an impor
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Section II Biological Risk Assessme
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Biological Risk Assessment informat
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Biological Risk Assessment The NIH
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Biological Risk Assessment effectiv
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Biological Risk Assessment Third, m
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Biological Risk Assessment 14. Oxma
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Principles of Biosafety Safety equi
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Principles of Biosafety Often an in
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Principles of Biosafety Four standa
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Principles of Biosafety 4. Centers
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Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria
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Section V Vertebrate Animal Biosafe
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Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level C
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TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED BIOS
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Principles of Laboratory Biosecurit
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Occupational Health and Immunoproph
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Agent Summary Statements - Bacteria
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• Section VIII-B: Fungal Agents A
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Agent Summary Statements - Fungal A
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• Section VIII-C: Parasitic Agent
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Agent Summary Statements - Parasiti
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• Section VIII-D: Rickettsial Age
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Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
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Agent Summary Statements - Ricketts
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• Section VIII-E: Viral Agents Ag
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Agent Summary Statements - Viral Ag
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• Section VIII-G: Toxin Agents Se
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins i
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins A
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Agent Summary Statements - Toxins L
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• Section VIII-H: Prion Diseases
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Agent Summary Statement - Prion Dis
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Appendix A Proper maintenance of ca
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Appendix A declined. However, in ma
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Appendix A It is possible to exhaus
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Appendix A 4. The Class II, Type A2
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Appendix A prohibited. Furthermore,
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Appendix A plastic wrappers, pipett
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Appendix A touch-plate microburners
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Appendix A SECTION VI FACILITY AND
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Appendix A Development of Containme
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Appendix A C. Airflow Smoke Pattern
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Appendix A TABLES Table 1. Selectio
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Appendix A Table 3. Field Performan
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Appendix A FIGURES Figure 1. HEPA f
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Appendix A Figure 3. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 5B. The Class II,
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Appendix A Figure 8. The Class III
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Appendix A Figure 9B. The vertical
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Appendix A Figure 11. A typical lay
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Appendix A REFERENCES 1. Centers fo
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Appendix B Decontamination and Disi
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Appendix B surfaces are contaminate
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Appendix B TABLE 1 DESCENDING ORDER
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Appendix B dioxide gas exits the ge
Page 353 and 354: Appendix B d The effectiveness of a
Page 355 and 356: Appendix C Transportation of Infect
Page 357 and 358: Appendix C 1600 Clifton Road, N.E.,
Page 359 and 360: Appendix C disease in humans or in
Page 361 and 362: Appendix C Biological specimen, Cat
Page 363 and 364: Appendix D Agriculture Pathogen Bio
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Page 367 and 368: Appendix D 14. Pathological inciner
Page 369 and 370: Appendix D Wastes and other materia
Page 371 and 372: Appendix D Camelpox virus b a, b, c
Page 373 and 374: Appendix D SPECIAL ISSUES The impor
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Page 377 and 378: Appendix D depression, anorexia, an
Page 379 and 380: Appendix D laboratory with enhancem
Page 381 and 382: Appendix D five day period of conta
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Page 387 and 388: Appendix D NDV is classified in the
Page 389 and 390: Appendix D movement permit is requi
Page 391 and 392: Appendix D Spring Viremia of Carp V
Page 393 and 394: Appendix D REFERENCES 1. Hess WR. A
Page 395 and 396: Appendix D 37. Alexander DJ. Newcas
Page 397 and 398: Appendix E Arthropod Containment Gu
Page 399 and 400: Appendix F Select Agents and Toxins
Page 401 and 402: Appendix G IPM issues and requireme
Page 403: Appendix H Working with Human, NHP
Page 407 and 408: decontaminated periodically, for ex
Page 409 and 410: 0.25N, and/or sodium hypochlorite (
Page 411 and 412: k Irradiation causes a dose-depende
Page 413 and 414: 7. Morin R, Kozlovac J. Biological
Page 415 and 416: Appendix J NIH Oversight of Researc
Page 417 and 418: Appendix K Resources for Informatio
Page 419 and 420: Appendix K E-mail: http://www2.gsu.
Page 421 and 422: Appendix K and http://www.who.int/c
Page 423 and 424: Appendix L HEPA High Efficiency Par
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