Structural Health Monitoring Using Smart Sensors - ideals ...

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PC Base station Manager sensor Cluster heads Leaf nodes ProcessInstruction(2x) Store -Parameters for DCS. 10 10 ProcessInstruction(10) NEXT NEXT NEXT 1 26 26 26 26 ProcessInstruction(26) Store -NodeIDs. Call TimerDrift.start event TimerDrift.fired() Broadcast Beacon signal if repetion > 10, ProcessInstruction (32) Synchronize Estimate clock drift ProcessInstruction(32) Broadcast Beacon signal Calculate t1 post ProcessInstruction(33) ProcessInstruction(33) Inform leaf nodes -t1, T1, T2, etc. 34 34 ProcessInstruction(34) Store -t1, T1, T2, etc. Adjust offset Calculate t1+T2 Start TimerGTCheck() event TimerGTCheck.fired() Get global time if global time > (t1+T1) Start Sensing else broadcast beacon signal ProcessInstruction(34) Store -t1, T1, T2, etc. Adjust offset Calculate t1+T2 Start TimerGTCheck() event TimerGTCheck.fired() Get global time if global time > (t1+T1) Start Sensing startSensing() Initialize sensing parameters allocate memory for sensing call TimerSensing.start() start sampling startSensing() Initialize sensing parameters allocate memory for sensing call TimerSensing.start() start sampling WriteData.write() Copy a block of data to global variables Get timestamp for each block WriteData.write() Copy a block of data to global variables Get timestamp for each block putData() if Done stop sensing putData() if Done stop sensing call TimerSensing.stop() event TimerSensing.fired() if sensing failed ProcessInstruction(32) else ProcessInstruction(38) 32 event TimerSensing.fired() if sensing failed stop sensing Figure 7.27. The implementation block diagram of monitoring in a sensor community (2). 131
PC Base station Manager sensor Cluster heads Leaf nodes ProcessInstruction(38) Inquire of leaf nodes whether sensing is done 39 39 ProcessInstruction(39) Answer inquiry 3a 3a ProcessInstruction(3a) if failure is reported ProcessInstruction(32) If all nodes have done sensing ProcessInstruction(3b) else ProcessInstruction(38) 32 3b 3b ProcessInstruction(3b) Resampling Check unknown error ProcessInstruction(50) 32 ProcessInstruction(3b) Resampling Check unknown error ProcessInstruction(50) Inquire of leaf nodes whether resampling is successful 51 51 ProcessInstruction(51) Answer inquiry 52 ProcessInstruction(52) if failure is reported ProcessInstruction(32) If all nodes have done sensing ProcessInstruction(53) else ProcessInstruction(50) 32 53 ProcessInstruction(53) Adjust data measurement direction Write data to Flash ProcessInstruction(3d) 52 53 ProcessInstruction(53) Adjust data measurement direction Write data to Flash ProcessInstruction(3d) if not reported Report to the base station 3e 3e data data 3e 3e ProcessInstruction(3e) if not reported ProcessInstruction(3d) else if every node has reported ProcessInstruction(54) else ask leaf nodes to report to the base station 3d 3d Figure 7.28. The implementation block diagram of monitoring in a sensor community (3). 132
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NSEL Report Series Report No. NSEL-
Page 3 and 4:
The Newmark Structural Engineering
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Contents Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIO
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9.2.3 Power harvesting . . . . . .
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damage/deterioration is intrinsical
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scalability to a large number of sm
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logic circuit. However, FPGAs are m
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easons, smart sensors spatially dis
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Figure 2.1. EYES project sensor pro
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Table 2.1. Smart Sensor Specificati
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While a number of sensor boards for
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need to be within the coordinator's
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eing examined (Moore et al., 2001).
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structural damage, the analysis to
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that sensor installation cost inclu
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(2004) indicated that this accelero
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different type of sensors connected
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Chapter 3 SHM ARCHITECTURE This cha
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Modal operation Several modal opera
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its spatial gradient, which is clai
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Manager node Cluster head node Leaf
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commands; execution timing cannot b
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Table 3.2. Desirable Characteristic
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Table 3.2. Desirable Characteristic
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Figure 4.1. Foil strain gage. strai
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dB A s Figure 4.4. AA filter design
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8.32F 3V 3.45F 3V Input 1K 1K 1K 1K
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Strain ( ) 80 w/o Digital Filter 60
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performance was experimentally vali
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anges from 10 to 20. If 50 percent
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Node 1 x1 i =1,2,…,ns E x 1
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Correlation function estimate (m 2
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Figure 5.5. Effect of data loss and
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Frobenius norm. Because only a limi
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90 80 70 60 50 Node1 Node2 Node3 No
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On reception of a NACK, the sender
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Sender SendLData.send() Pack parame
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If there are missing packets, the r
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Sender SendLData.bcast() Pack param
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Sender Send a packet • Sender sen
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utilized in SHM applications follow
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where R xxref is a vector consistin
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Time (sec) 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -6
Page 87 and 88: Difficulties encountered in realizi
Page 89 and 90: 1.8715 x10 5 #ofdatablocks 1.871 me
Page 91 and 92: Before this decimation is applied,
Page 93 and 94: where xn is the original signal,
Page 95 and 96: Timer firing every T3 110 data poin
Page 97 and 98: locks before or after the current b
Page 99 and 100: Chapter 6 ALGORITHMS In this chapte
Page 101 and 102: The eigenproblem of the system matr
Page 103 and 104: where M 0 is the mass matrix of the
Page 105 and 106: same community, eliminating the nee
Page 107 and 108: measurement or mass perturbation ca
Page 109 and 110: these algorithms are implemented on
Page 111 and 112: 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 0 500 1000 1500 20
Page 113 and 114: Table 7.1. SVD Accuracy Check on Ma
Page 115 and 116: 7.1.4 Complex matrix inverse A comp
Page 117 and 118: Figure 7.9. Details of the joint (G
Page 119 and 120: Figure 7.13. Amplifier (Gao, 2005).
Page 121 and 122: 0.08 0.2 Acceleration (g) 0.04 0 -0
Page 123 and 124: 3 Imote2_2/Imote2_1 Imote2_1/Siglab
Page 125 and 126: 200 3 Phase of spectral densities (
Page 127 and 128: 1.5 x10-17 Time (sec) Difference in
Page 129 and 130: input forces applied at nodes in th
Page 131 and 132: CH1 CH2 CH3 …. CHn-1 CHn Initiali
Page 133 and 134: 1 2 Node ID 102 RETAKE 1 3 4 INCONS
Page 135 and 136: Initialization: within local sensor
Page 137: PC Base station Manager sensor Clus
Page 141 and 142: PC Base station Manager sensor Clus
Page 143 and 144: Table 7.7. Instructions in DCS Code
Page 145 and 146: EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION Chapter 8
Page 147 and 148: 8 x10-3 Time (sec) Correlation func
Page 149 and 150: Table 8.2. Mass Normalization Const
Page 151 and 152: 1 2 Node ID 67 RETAKE 0 3 4 ID 67 #
Page 153 and 154: for a SHM strategy does not necessa
Page 155 and 156: are saved. The 420 seconds listed a
Page 157 and 158: 1 1 Normalized accumulated stress m
Page 163 and 164: Table 8.5. Summary of False Damage
Page 165 and 166: Table 8.7. Summary of False Damage
Page 167 and 168: e scalability, autonomous distribut
Page 169 and 170: The lowest frequencies of interest
Page 171 and 172: structural vibration is considered
Page 173 and 174: REFERENCES Actis, R. L. & Dimarogon
Page 175 and 176: Casciati, F., Faravelli, L, Borghet
Page 177 and 178: Feldman, M. & Braun, S. (1995). “
Page 179 and 180: Kling, R. (2003). “Intel Mote: an
Page 181 and 182: Mufti, A. A. (2003). “Integration
Page 183 and 184: Sazonov, E., Janoyan, K., & Jha, R.
Page 185 and 186: Yi, J.-H. & Yun, C.-B. (2004). “C
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