Structural Health Monitoring Using Smart Sensors - ideals ...

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with the SDLV method and by adopting the majority of damage detection results on each element. This conjecture needs to be confirmed with a larger number of samples. Table 8.4. Summary of False Damage Detection <strong>Using</strong> the Mass Perturbation DLV Method (Damaged Elements 8-12) Damaged Element False Damage Detection /Total 8 9 10 11 12 % False Damage Detection /Total % False Damage Detection /Total % False Damage Detection /Total % False Damage Detection /Total 3 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 4 0/3 0 1/3 33 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 5 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 6 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 7 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 8 1/6 17 3/6 50 0/6 0 2/6 33 3/6 50 9 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 10 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 11 0/9 0 2/9 22 1/9 11 7/9 78 1/9 11 12 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 13 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 14 0/6 0 2/6 33 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 15 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 16 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 17 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 18 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 19 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 % 8.9 Summary In this chapter, Imote2s were installed on a truss model, and damage to the truss simulated by replacing an element with one of reduced cross section was identified by the proposed SHM framework. Required time and power consumption, as well as fault tolerance, were investigated. While some false-positive/negative damage detection cases were observed, damaged elements were identified in most cases. The proposed SHM framework employing DCS for SHM has, thus, been experimentally verified. 155
Table 8.5. Summary of False Damage Detection <strong>Using</strong> the Mass Perturbation DLV Method (Damaged Elements 19-22) Damaged Element False Damage Detection /Total 19 20 21 22 % False Damage Detection /Total % False Damage Detection /Total % False Damage Detection /Total 11 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 12 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 13 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 14 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 15 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 16 1/6 17 2/6 33 1/6 16 0/6 0 17 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 18 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 19 0/9 0 0/9 0 0/9 0 0/9 0 20 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 21 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 22 0/6 0 0/6 0 3/6 50 0/6 0 23 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 0/6 0 24 0/3 0 1/3 33 0/3 0 0/3 0 25 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 26 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 27 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 0/3 0 % 156
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NSEL Report Series Report No. NSEL-
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The Newmark Structural Engineering
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Contents Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIO
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9.2.3 Power harvesting . . . . . .
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damage/deterioration is intrinsical
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scalability to a large number of sm
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logic circuit. However, FPGAs are m
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easons, smart sensors spatially dis
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Figure 2.1. EYES project sensor pro
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Table 2.1. Smart Sensor Specificati
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While a number of sensor boards for
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need to be within the coordinator's
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eing examined (Moore et al., 2001).
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structural damage, the analysis to
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that sensor installation cost inclu
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(2004) indicated that this accelero
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different type of sensors connected
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Chapter 3 SHM ARCHITECTURE This cha
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Modal operation Several modal opera
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its spatial gradient, which is clai
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Manager node Cluster head node Leaf
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commands; execution timing cannot b
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Table 3.2. Desirable Characteristic
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Table 3.2. Desirable Characteristic
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Figure 4.1. Foil strain gage. strai
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dB A s Figure 4.4. AA filter design
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8.32F 3V 3.45F 3V Input 1K 1K 1K 1K
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Strain ( ) 80 w/o Digital Filter 60
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performance was experimentally vali
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anges from 10 to 20. If 50 percent
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Node 1 x1 i =1,2,…,ns E x 1
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Correlation function estimate (m 2
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Figure 5.5. Effect of data loss and
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Frobenius norm. Because only a limi
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90 80 70 60 50 Node1 Node2 Node3 No
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On reception of a NACK, the sender
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Sender SendLData.send() Pack parame
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If there are missing packets, the r
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Sender SendLData.bcast() Pack param
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Sender Send a packet • Sender sen
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utilized in SHM applications follow
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where R xxref is a vector consistin
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Time (sec) 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -6
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Difficulties encountered in realizi
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1.8715 x10 5 #ofdatablocks 1.871 me
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Before this decimation is applied,
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where xn is the original signal,
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Timer firing every T3 110 data poin
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locks before or after the current b
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Chapter 6 ALGORITHMS In this chapte
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The eigenproblem of the system matr
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where M 0 is the mass matrix of the
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same community, eliminating the nee
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measurement or mass perturbation ca
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these algorithms are implemented on
Page 111 and 112: 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 0 500 1000 1500 20
Page 113 and 114: Table 7.1. SVD Accuracy Check on Ma
Page 115 and 116: 7.1.4 Complex matrix inverse A comp
Page 117 and 118: Figure 7.9. Details of the joint (G
Page 119 and 120: Figure 7.13. Amplifier (Gao, 2005).
Page 121 and 122: 0.08 0.2 Acceleration (g) 0.04 0 -0
Page 123 and 124: 3 Imote2_2/Imote2_1 Imote2_1/Siglab
Page 125 and 126: 200 3 Phase of spectral densities (
Page 127 and 128: 1.5 x10-17 Time (sec) Difference in
Page 129 and 130: input forces applied at nodes in th
Page 131 and 132: CH1 CH2 CH3 …. CHn-1 CHn Initiali
Page 133 and 134: 1 2 Node ID 102 RETAKE 1 3 4 INCONS
Page 135 and 136: Initialization: within local sensor
Page 137 and 138: PC Base station Manager sensor Clus
Page 143 and 144: Table 7.7. Instructions in DCS Code
Page 145 and 146: EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION Chapter 8
Page 147 and 148: 8 x10-3 Time (sec) Correlation func
Page 149 and 150: Table 8.2. Mass Normalization Const
Page 151 and 152: 1 2 Node ID 67 RETAKE 0 3 4 ID 67 #
Page 153 and 154: for a SHM strategy does not necessa
Page 155 and 156: are saved. The 420 seconds listed a
Page 157 and 158: 1 1 Normalized accumulated stress m
Page 159 and 160: 1 1 Normalized accumulated stress m
Page 161: 1 1 Normalized accumulated stress m
Page 165 and 166: Table 8.7. Summary of False Damage
Page 167 and 168: e scalability, autonomous distribut
Page 169 and 170: The lowest frequencies of interest
Page 171 and 172: structural vibration is considered
Page 173 and 174: REFERENCES Actis, R. L. & Dimarogon
Page 175 and 176: Casciati, F., Faravelli, L, Borghet
Page 177 and 178: Feldman, M. & Braun, S. (1995). “
Page 179 and 180: Kling, R. (2003). “Intel Mote: an
Page 181 and 182: Mufti, A. A. (2003). “Integration
Page 183 and 184: Sazonov, E., Janoyan, K., & Jha, R.
Page 185 and 186: Yi, J.-H. & Yun, C.-B. (2004). “C
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