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Saddleback Journal of Biology - Saddleback College

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Spring 2010 <strong>Biology</strong> 3B Paper<br />

Discussion<br />

The effects <strong>of</strong> caffeine have been observed<br />

in humans and even the web patterns <strong>of</strong> arachnids<br />

(Rainer.) This study could easily lead to studies <strong>of</strong> a<br />

similar nature regarding the effects <strong>of</strong> caffeine upon<br />

amphibians or reptiles; and provide more data on the<br />

effects <strong>of</strong> a psychoactive drug that is generally<br />

overlooked because it is considered safe by the food<br />

and drug administration. (CITE: 21CFR182.1180)<br />

This experiment could be easily replicated on a larger<br />

scale in order to collate data from more fish during<br />

studies with more test periods; this would acquire a<br />

much more solid spread <strong>of</strong> data points and a clearer<br />

image <strong>of</strong> the peak in and duration <strong>of</strong> caffeine’s effect.<br />

This experiment was originally designed to include<br />

an aqueous O² probe to measure the actual levels <strong>of</strong><br />

oxygen exchanged, but due to a lack <strong>of</strong> working<br />

equipment was redesigned for a simpler method <strong>of</strong><br />

data collection. In future experiments integrating an<br />

aqueous O² probe would add significant data and<br />

greatly increase the value <strong>of</strong> the experiment.<br />

Literature Cited<br />

Frischknecht P.M., Ulmer-Dufek J., Baumann T.W.,<br />

1986. Purine alkaloid formation in buds and<br />

developing leaflets <strong>of</strong> C<strong>of</strong>fea arabica: Expression <strong>of</strong><br />

an optimal defence strategy?, Phytochemistry,<br />

Volume 25, Issue 3.<br />

Griffiths R.R., Juliano L.M., 2004. A critical review<br />

<strong>of</strong> caffeine withdrawal: empirical<br />

validation <strong>of</strong> symptoms and signs, incidence, severity,<br />

and associated features. Psychopharmacology,<br />

Volume 176.<br />

Fisone G., Borgkvist A., Usiello A., 2004. Caffeine<br />

as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism <strong>of</strong> action.<br />

Cell Mol Life Sci. Apr 61<br />

Graham, T.E., Spriet, L.L., 1991. Performance and<br />

metabolic responses to a high caffeine dose during<br />

prolonged exercise. Applied Physiology 71.<br />

Meyer F.P., Canzler E., Giers H., Walther H., 1991.<br />

Time course <strong>of</strong> inhibition <strong>of</strong> caffeine elimination in<br />

response to the oral depot contraceptive agent<br />

Deposition. Hormonal contraceptives and caffeine<br />

elimination. Zentralbl Gynakol. Germany.<br />

Foelix R. F., 1996. <strong>Biology</strong> <strong>of</strong> spiders. Oxford<br />

University Press.<br />

[Code <strong>of</strong> Federal Regulations][Title 21, Volume<br />

3][Revised as <strong>of</strong> April 1, 2003]From the U.S.<br />

Government Printing Office via GPO Access[CITE:<br />

21CFR182.1180]<br />

56<br />

<strong>Saddleback</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Biology</strong><br />

Spring 2010

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