Saddleback Journal of Biology - Saddleback College
Saddleback Journal of Biology - Saddleback College
Saddleback Journal of Biology - Saddleback College
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Spring 2010 <strong>Biology</strong> 3B Paper<br />
Discussion<br />
The effects <strong>of</strong> caffeine have been observed<br />
in humans and even the web patterns <strong>of</strong> arachnids<br />
(Rainer.) This study could easily lead to studies <strong>of</strong> a<br />
similar nature regarding the effects <strong>of</strong> caffeine upon<br />
amphibians or reptiles; and provide more data on the<br />
effects <strong>of</strong> a psychoactive drug that is generally<br />
overlooked because it is considered safe by the food<br />
and drug administration. (CITE: 21CFR182.1180)<br />
This experiment could be easily replicated on a larger<br />
scale in order to collate data from more fish during<br />
studies with more test periods; this would acquire a<br />
much more solid spread <strong>of</strong> data points and a clearer<br />
image <strong>of</strong> the peak in and duration <strong>of</strong> caffeine’s effect.<br />
This experiment was originally designed to include<br />
an aqueous O² probe to measure the actual levels <strong>of</strong><br />
oxygen exchanged, but due to a lack <strong>of</strong> working<br />
equipment was redesigned for a simpler method <strong>of</strong><br />
data collection. In future experiments integrating an<br />
aqueous O² probe would add significant data and<br />
greatly increase the value <strong>of</strong> the experiment.<br />
Literature Cited<br />
Frischknecht P.M., Ulmer-Dufek J., Baumann T.W.,<br />
1986. Purine alkaloid formation in buds and<br />
developing leaflets <strong>of</strong> C<strong>of</strong>fea arabica: Expression <strong>of</strong><br />
an optimal defence strategy?, Phytochemistry,<br />
Volume 25, Issue 3.<br />
Griffiths R.R., Juliano L.M., 2004. A critical review<br />
<strong>of</strong> caffeine withdrawal: empirical<br />
validation <strong>of</strong> symptoms and signs, incidence, severity,<br />
and associated features. Psychopharmacology,<br />
Volume 176.<br />
Fisone G., Borgkvist A., Usiello A., 2004. Caffeine<br />
as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism <strong>of</strong> action.<br />
Cell Mol Life Sci. Apr 61<br />
Graham, T.E., Spriet, L.L., 1991. Performance and<br />
metabolic responses to a high caffeine dose during<br />
prolonged exercise. Applied Physiology 71.<br />
Meyer F.P., Canzler E., Giers H., Walther H., 1991.<br />
Time course <strong>of</strong> inhibition <strong>of</strong> caffeine elimination in<br />
response to the oral depot contraceptive agent<br />
Deposition. Hormonal contraceptives and caffeine<br />
elimination. Zentralbl Gynakol. Germany.<br />
Foelix R. F., 1996. <strong>Biology</strong> <strong>of</strong> spiders. Oxford<br />
University Press.<br />
[Code <strong>of</strong> Federal Regulations][Title 21, Volume<br />
3][Revised as <strong>of</strong> April 1, 2003]From the U.S.<br />
Government Printing Office via GPO Access[CITE:<br />
21CFR182.1180]<br />
56<br />
<strong>Saddleback</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Biology</strong><br />
Spring 2010