Idaho National Laboratory Cultural Resource Management Plan

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was renamed the Mixed Waste Storage Facility (MWSF) and modified to provide interim storage space for low-level mixed waste until the waste was dispatched to a more permanent waste site. 350 INL's Post-Cold War Mission: 1990-1997. On December 9, 1991, DOE-ID, Region 10 of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare signed the INL Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. This document supplied all parties with a goal to restore the environment at INL and guidelines for a variety of cleanup activities. The sites to be cleaned up included those contaminated with asbestos, petroleum products, acids and bases, radionuclides, unexploded ordnance and explosive residues, PCBs, heavy metals and other hazardous wastes. It was hoped that INL could be removed from the National Priorities List by 2006. This legally binding document has provided numerous benchmarks and milestones in the remediation of hazardous residues of many kinds. Each facility complex in the desert was given a new label as a “Waste Area Group,” or WAG. The resulting ten WAGs were then further inventoried as to their “Operable Units,” or individual targets for clean up. WAG 10 covered the desert land beyond the fences of the Site's nine complexes. Under that name, the Navy's unexploded ordnance, chunks of TNT, and other debris were targeted for cleanup. Other projects involve the removal and treatment of organic vapors beneath the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, the excavation and treatment of buried mixed transuranic waste from Pit 9 and the treatment of contaminated groundwater from beneath TAN. 351 The laboratory building to which many of the scientists who worked on waste cleanup reported was located in Idaho Falls. The Idaho Research Center (IRC), created in the 1980s during the national interest in fuel efficiency, expanded as INL research efforts moved in directions such as fuel alcohol, the biological processing of ores, development of special metal alloys, and welding. For these types of work the INL hired its first microbiologists and biochemists. When the INL later faced its many complex cleanup challenges, the appropriate personnel and laboratory facilities were available. The desert, former site of explosives tests, nuclear experiments, industrial and nuclear waste disposals of many kinds, and myriad forms of contamination large and small, became the new laboratory for IRC scientists charged to remediate it all. 352 The federal support of cleanup grew. During the 1990s, about 60% of the total INL budget was for “Environmental Management,” or cleanup. John Wilcynski, DOE manager during between 1994 and 1999, used to simplify INL's path forward with the slogan, “Finish the sixty, and grow the forty,” meaning that as the cleanup tasks were accomplished, the research mission of the laboratory could resume a larger share of the total effort. 353 In 2003, DOE and its regulatory partners, the State of Idaho and the Environmental Protection Agency, were considering a cleanup schedule that would “accelerate” many of the target dates and deadlines to which they had previously agreed. This administrative thrust has the potential to accelerate the rate at which buildings and facilities—many of them of historic significance—are being decommissioned and dismantled. Even whole building clusters, which made up such a significant part of INL's historic “landscape,” are proposed for complete erasure. The Army Reactors Area already has been eliminated in this fashion (although this was done prior to the “accelerated” schedule). Significance of the Remediation of Waste Context. Though the history of the RWMC is relatively brief, the facility highlights a major turning point for INL and the national nuclear industry. The early optimism engendered by nuclear energy's peaceful potential gradually became clouded by controversy about the disposition of waste and spent reactor fuel. In the 1970s the issues of burial, 350. Comprehensive Facility and Land use Plan, p.157. 351. INEL Reporter (November/December 1996), p. 1. 352. Stacy, Proving the Principle, p. 247-249. 353. Stacy, Proving the Principle, p. 253. 284
cleanup, and remediation of nuclear waste came to the national forefront. After the Cold War ended in 1990, interest (and funding) for nuclear science rapidly waned. The development of the RWMC and its constantly evolving technologies reflect this important shift in the history of INL and the national atomic energy program. INL provided early experimental prototypes for nuclear waste remediation. In 1984, the SWEPP began operation at INL, the first United States facility of its kind to provide capabilities for nondestructive examination and certification of TRU waste. Whether this prototype will prove to have lasting historical significance or, indeed, whether the Remediation of Waste context itself, will survive the fifty-year benchmark for the National Register shall have to await the passage of time. 285
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DOE/ID-10997 Revision 4 Idaho Natio
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CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................
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Appendix J—INL Cultural Resource
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ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOL
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Co. company COM communication CP-1
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FFA/CO FONSI FPR FRAN FS&R Federal
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kV L LAK LAN LCCDA LCRE LDRD LESAT
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NuPac Nuclear Pacific (manufacture
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SM Stationary Medium Power reactor
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W west WAG waste area group WCF Was
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GLOSSARY The terms defined in this
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compliance. Adherence to specific p
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historic context. An organizing str
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multi-component. A descriptive term
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econnaissance survey. A field surve
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Idaho National Laboratory Cultural
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elevant federal regulations, DOE-ID
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programs nationwide. As such, all I
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organization, agency, museum, or ot
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Figure 3. Regional setting of Idaho
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extruded from low-shield volcanoes,
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The relatively permanent water sour
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Gradually, as a result of this pale
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fauna, including now-extinct forms
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Figure 11. Elko corner-notched dart
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The absence of a restrictive sociop
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Figure 13. Big Lost River during se
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In the 1890s another way station or
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History: 1942 to Present In 1942, t
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south of MTR at ATRC. At the time o
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The Loss of Fluid Test (LOFT) progr
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Figure 24. Aerial view of MFC. Othe
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Responsibility for Resource Managem
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and sacred American Indian sites sc
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to the broad patterns of our histor
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available information of value. The
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times, including during an annual m
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INL CRM Office staff have also deve
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Figure 27. National Historic Preser
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encountered during any activity. Ac
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2. No Adverse Effect. Cultural reso
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egular commentary on INL CRM Office
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Bonnichsen, B. and R. M. Breckenrid
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Executive Order 13287, 2003, “Pre
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Kurten, B. and E. Anderson, 1972,
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Pierce, K. L. and W. E. Scott, 1982
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Stacy, S., 2005a, Historic American
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Appendix A Legal Basis for Cultural
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“Federal Records Act of 1950,”
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* “National Environmental Policy
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“Preserve America,” 2003 (EO 13
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY DIRECTIVES Cul
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Figure 28. INL Environmental Policy
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Figure 30. Bechtel BWXT Environment
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*LWP-8000, “Environmental Instruc
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Appendix B American Indian Interest
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3. Consultation. DOE and the Tribes
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Between the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes
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BACKGROUND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERG
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III. THE DEPARTMENT WILL ESTABLISH
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Attachment 2 Agreement-in-Principle
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101
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Attachment 3 Communications Protoco
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Communications Protocol August 10,
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undertaking. The intent of this not
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D. Revision of Procedures These pro
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Attachment 4 Memorandum of Agreemen
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125
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127
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Appendix C Standards and Procedures
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Appendix C Standards and Procedures
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As the INL Cultural Resource Manage
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inclusion in the INL cultural resou
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SHPO, and other involved parties. I
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esource base and enhance long-term
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of any given test excavation will d
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discussed under test excavations. A
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e eligible to the National Register
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Idaho National Laboratory Cultural
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Figure 33. INL CRM Office permit ap
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Figure 35. Intermountain Antiquitie
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Figure 35. (continued.) 153
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Appendix D Strategies and Procedure
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Appendix D Strategies and Procedure
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uildings have been demolished (e.g.
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POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR MANAGIN
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In addition to internal procedures,
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Council consultation, additional ti
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Determination of eligibility 35-mm
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Appendix E Research Designs 173
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Appendix E Research Designs INTRODU
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Therefore, the addressable research
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INL Research Design Each of the pro
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within the last 600 to 1000 years i
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originate and where most processing
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Site taxonomy is based on the amoun
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of the limited number of sites exca
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Research Topic: Historic Indian Occ
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However, artifacts that often have
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Research Question—Does the dramat
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stages of stone tool manufacture ar
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Appendix F Historic Contexts 197
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Appendix F Historic Contexts INTROD
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The Pocatello Naval Ordnance Plant.
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constructed) a rocket ordnance test
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In the Residential Area, the civili
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occurrence of such episodes, how to
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1952. These structures were — and
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scarce resource. Only uranium could
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highway could observe the steam and
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approved in 1962. To the dismay of
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supplied the NRTS as well. Argonne-
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after further testing. When a speci
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months or years of radiation exposu
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The MTR auxiliary buildings were or
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The MTR played a role in most of th
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Because the reactor would operate a
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working area, the Advanced Test Rea
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partners in the safe operation and
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Page 311 and 312: As the Cold War escalated, the numb
Page 313 and 314: e 3 × 10 11 curies, with an estima
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Page 321 and 322: Appendix G Programmatic Agreement 2
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Page 329 and 330: Appendix H Inventory of Known INL A
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Table 6. (continued). INL Prehistor
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Table 7. INL historic and multi-com
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Table 7. (continued). INL Historic
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Appendix I INL Architectural Proper
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Appendix I INL Architectural Proper
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Table 8. Surveyed INL properties. B
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Table 8. (continued). Building or S
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Appendix J INL Cultural Resource Pr
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Appendix J INL Cultural Resource Pr
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Table 9. (continued). INL Cultural
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Table 9. (continued). Project Numbe
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Table 10. (continued). INL CRM Offi
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Table 10. (continued). INL CRM Offi
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Table 11. INL Cultural Resource Man
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Table 11. (continued). Project Numb
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Appendix K Goals and Tasks 453
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Appendix K Goals and Tasks INTRODUC
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Task 2. Maintain memberships in pro
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Appendix L Idaho National Laborator
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Appendix L Idaho National Laborator
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Figure 38. Example of INL Cultural
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Idaho National Laboratory Cultural Resource Management Plan

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