14th ICID - Poster Abstracts - International Society for Infectious ...

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When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 80.022 Session: Pediatric and Perinatal Infections Date: Friday, March 12, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Paediatric rotavirus disease in The Gambia: A hospital based sentinel study R. C. Ideh 1 , O. RODRIGUES 2 , G. E. Armah 3 , A. S. Batchilly 4 1 MRC Laboratories (uk), The Gambia; , Banjul, Gambia, 2 University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, Ghana, 3 Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research , Legon, Ghana, 4 Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital,, Banjul, Gambia Background: Diarrhea is a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality with an estimated 3 million deaths per year of which about 20% are caused by rotavirus. After more than a decade of the last published work on diarrheal disease in the Gambia, we aimed to determine the disease burden and epidemiology of rotavirus diarrheal disease at the Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital (RVTH), Banjul during the documented peak period of rotavirus transmission. Methods: From 1st January to 31st March 2006, eligible children aged 5years and below admitted with gastroenteritis had their stools collected within 48 hours of admission and tested for rotavirus, using ELISA (Dako ID EIATM Rotavirus test kits). Socio demographic data was obtained using a study questionnaire. Results: Out of 536 admissions, 187 (34.9%) had acute diarrheal disease and 148 stools tested for rotavirus. Of the 148 specimens tested, 111 (75.0%) were positive for rotavirus antigen and 37 (25.0%) were negative. Ninety (81.1%) of the positive cases, were aged 12 months and below. There was no significant difference in the age specific prevalence rates (c2 = 0.50, p = 0.48). The mode of feeding, and other identifiable possible risk factors like socio economic class, maternal education, level of hygiene practiced by the mother, method of excreta disposal, water source, did not appear to have a significant effect on the risk of rotavirus infection. There was a well-defined, period of peak transmission occurring between the third week of January and second week of February 2006. Mortality rate for acute diarrhea over the study period was 7.5%, with 50.0% of the stools of those who died being positive for rotavirus. One hundred and twenty (81.1%) of the patients had complete routine vaccination for age, 16(10.8%) had incomplete vaccination, while 12(8.1%) did not have available records. Conclusion: Rotavirus remains a leading cause of diarrhea disease in children in the Gambia, with significantly high mortality in the under 5 year old children during periods of high transmission. Because of the high vaccination coverage noted among the children studied, introduction of vaccines against rotavirus may be an effective control measure.
When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 80.023 Session: Pediatric and Perinatal Infections Date: Friday, March 12, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation The role of viruses in the aetiology of IRA in Peruvian children J. del Valle 1 , A. Cornejo 2 , L. del Valle 3 , T. Pumarola 4 , E. Verne 5 , V. Helasvuo 6 , R. Nazario 7 , D. Champin 8 1 Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (IIN) y UPC-Perú, PERU, PE, Peru, 2 Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) e Instituto de Investigaciòn Nutricional (IIN), Lima, PE, Peru, 3 Universiddad Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain, SP, Spain, 4 Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, SPAIN, ES, Spain, 5 Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, 6 Univerisdad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru, 7 Instituto de Investigaciòn Nutricional (IIN), Lima, Peru, 8 Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru Background: The role of respiratory viruses in community may have been previously underestimated. We aimed to study the incidence and clinical characteristics of acute respiratory infections (IRA) in children adding PCR to routine conventional laboratory tests. Methods: Consecutive child patients diagnosed of Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia-Lima- Perú from April to August were included. Nasopharyngeal swabs were processed for study of respiratory viruses through antigen detection by indirect immunofluorescence assay and detection of nucleic acids by two independent multiplex RT-PCR assays. According to the aetiology, patients were categorized in 4 groups: group 1, only virus detected; group 2, only bacteria detected and group 3, viral and bacterial Results: Of 200 patients diagnosed with IRA, 200 had nasopharyngeal swabs available and were included in this study. Aetiology was established in 200 patients: group 1, n=57 (28.5 %); group 2, n= 23 (11.5 %); group 3, n= 25(12.5 %). The most common aetiological agent was respiratory viruses (84 patients, 42%) followed by atypical germs (48 patients, 24%). Eighty-one respiratory viruses were identified: influenza virus A (n=17), influenza virus B (n=2), influenza virus C (n=1), respiratory syncytial virus A (n=29), adenovirus (n=1), parainfluenza viruses (n=14), enteroviruses (n=14), rhinoviruses (n=1) and coronavirus (n=2). There were eleven patients coinfected with respiratory virus. Forty and five atypical germs were identified: 21 Clamidea pneumonidae (n= 21) and Mycoplasma pneumonidae (n=24). There were sixteen patients coinfected by both atypical germs. Immunofluorescence 41 and PCR 81. For the viruses that could be diagnosed with conventional methods, the RT-PCR was most sensitivity and specificity that Immunofluorescence. Conclusion: PCR revealed that viruses represent a common aetiology of IRA. There is an urgent need to reconsider routine laboratory tests for an adequate diagnosis of respiratory viruses, as clinical characteristics are unable to reliably distinguish viral from bacterial aetiology.
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