14th ICID - Poster Abstracts - International Society for Infectious ...

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When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 84.005 Session: Virology and Viral Infections (Non-HIV) Date: Friday, March 12, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Higher prevalence of norovirus than rotavirus as cause of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized infants of Concepcion, Chile S. Montenegro 1 , S. Pineda 2 , I. Enriquez 3 , N. Enriquez 2 , M. Pinilla 1 , N. Rivera 1 , C. Delgado 1 1 Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile, 2 Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente, concepcion, Chile, 3 Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepcion, Chile Background: Norovirus (NoV) are the main cause of acute gastroenteritis (AG) worldwide because of their contagiousness, low infectious dose, environmental stability, rapid secondary transmission and genetic variability . In Chile, the role of rotaviruses as causative agent of AG in children is well established but the prevalence and clinical significance of Norovirus is unknown, because its clinic similarity with rotavirus and lack of diagnosis methods. We investigated the prevalence of NoV and Rotavirus (RV) in children with AG. Methods: We collected stools samples from Dec.07 to Dec. 08 from 145 hospitalized children in the Regional Hospital GGB of Concepcion. As controls, we collected stools from 57 healthy infants from a day care center. A 71% of children with AG were infants (103) and 42 were children 2-14 yr old. For detection and typing of NoV genogroups GI and GII, we used a RT-PCR with 3 specific TaqMan probes. RV presence were determined with a commercial VIKIA “Rota- Adeno”kit Biomerieux. Results: In 103 infants we found 34% of NoV and 17.8% of RV. A 48% of them were hospitalized for AG and 52% were initially hospitalized for other causes. In the first group we found 32.7% NoV and 24.4% RV. The second group presented 35.2% NoV and 13% RV. In children 2 -4 yr old we found 9.5% of NoV and 11.8% RV. Children older than 4 yr old were negative for NoV and had 12% of RV. Only 2 healthy infants were positive for NoV (3.5%). Summer prevalence was the highest for RV at 27.3% and the lowest for NoV at 3%. Average prevalence was 48.5%for NoV and 13.4% for RV. Conclusion: Main cause of AG in hospitalized infants in Concepcion was due to NoV. Prevalence of infection caused by NoV greatly exceeded that of RV, except in Summer. Younger children, less than 2 year old suffered most for NoV infection as compared with RV infection that equally affected all age groups. Norovirus were more likely to facilitate nosocomial infections (35.2%) as compared with Rotavirus (13%).
When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 84.006 Session: Virology and Viral Infections (Non-HIV) Date: Friday, March 12, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Lessons that human virology can acquire from studies on avian circo- and tumor viruses I. Davidson Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel Background: Economically-poultry-significant avian viruses can also provide scientific insights in un-experimentable human topics. Virological studies in poultry reflect natural phenomena, as they replicate in commercial flocks, causing natural infections, natural stress, large populations, allowing rare events understanding. This presentation will review long-term studies on oncogenic viruses (1) and on circovirus infections (2) elaborating on human infections with similar virus-families. 1. Davidson,I. & Silva,R.F. (2008). Virus Genes 36: 1-10. 2. Davidson,I. & Shulman, L. M. (2008). Virus Research 137: 1-15. Methods: Molecular integration were assessed by the detection of chimeric molecules in vivo. Results: Avian tumor viruses include one herpes- and four retroviruses. Molecular recombination between DNA and retroviruses was created in vitro, resulting in an recombinant MDV with altered properties (Drs. Kung and Witter, USA). We now questioned multiple-virus-infections in commercial flocks, examining whether inter-viral molecular recombinations occur also in vivo, and found 25% double-virus-infected commercial flocks and 5% samples with molecular integrations. Spontaneous inter-viral recombination occurred also between retroviruses in commercial birds, emerging in the avian leukosissubgroup-J, that caused great economic losses. Avian tumor viruses could provide animal models to human dual infections with herpesviruses and retroviruses. We also reviewed similarities between human Anellovirus and avian Circoviridae, to examine whether knowledge acquired from studies of natural and experimental avian infections with could reflect on human Anelloviruses. Conclusion: Studies on avian circoviruses, specifically chicken anemia virus (CAV) can add to current understandings on Anellovirus infections, directed towards finding associated diseases. The health burden imposed by Circoviridae and Anellovirus infections may be underestimated because lack of awareness for search beyond the predominant clinical effects of identified pathogens. Their immunomodulatory contribution by co-infecting Circoviridae and, by analogy, human Anelloviruses necessitates consideration.
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