14th ICID - Poster Abstracts - International Society for Infectious ...

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When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 81.012 Session: Public Health Interventions, Modeling & Training Date: Friday, March 12, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Testing the effectiveness of dengue vector control interventions L. Sanchez 1 , J. Maringwa 2 , Z. Shkedy 3 , M. Castro 4 , N. Carbonell 5 , P. Van der Stuyft 6 1 Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kouri", Havana City, Cuba, 2 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium, 3 Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Belgium, Hasselt, Belgium, 4 Tropical Medicine Institute , Havana City, Cuba, 5 University Center of Sancti Spiritus, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba, 6 Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, Antwerp, Belgium Background: Community-based strategies to dengue vector control have been implemented in different countries worldwide, but there is a need for more evidence on their effectiveness. We present an application of a semiparametric mixed model to evaluate the result obtained though intersectoral coordination and community empowerment in one study carried out during six years in Playa Municipality, Cuba. Methods: A longitudinal assessment comparing one intervention and one control area was conducted. The intervention encompasses two main stages separated by two dengue outbreaks. The first stage, focused on strengthening intersectoral coordination, was initiated in January 2000. In August 2003 a complementary strategy, focused on community empowerment was initiated in half of the intervention area. In the control area, routine dengue control activities continued without additional input. We used entomologic surveillance data from January 1999 to December 2005 to assess the effectiveness. We computed the Breteau indices (BI, number of positive container per 100 premises) per area and the 95% confidence interval for the difference between the BIs at each time point. A semiparametric mixed model to capture the evolution in time of Ae. Aegypti larval densities was fitted. Results: The Figure shows the fitted models for the differences in Ae. aegypti larvae densities between areas. The BIs in the control area had the lowest values before starting the intervention. This was reversed one year after the launch of the intersectoral activities for dengue control in the intervention area. In spite of spraying actions carried out during the intensive campaign that started in January 2002 in all areas, the differences in BIs between intervention and control areas remain significant until December 2002. Although for the next two years no differences were observed, they become significant again in December 2004, which corresponds with the implementation of the complementary community-based vector control strategy in the intervention area. Conclusion: The model fitted allowed us to identified monotonous trends over time and reversal trends at particular moments. The confidence bands indicate sections with significant differences between areas. Our data augment the evidence that intersectoral coordination and community empowerment strategy to Ae. Aegypti control is effective. Figure. Fitted models and confidence bands for the differences in Aedes aegypti larvae densities between areas. Playa municipality, Havana, 1999-2005.
When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 81.013 Session: Public Health Interventions, Modeling & Training Date: Friday, March 12, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Age at sexual initiation and its determinants among youths in NE Ethiopia F. Mazengia University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Background: For behavioral as well as physiological reasons, early sexual debut increases young peoples' risk for infection with HIV and other STIs. It is crucial to understand the determinants of early sexual initiation in a broader context for designing and implementing effective interventions targeting youth. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the median age at first sexual intercourse and the determinants of sexual initiation among rural and urban youths (age 15- 24 years). Methods: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted between, March 1 -15, 2008, in Dessie town and Dessie Zuria Woreda. To draw a total sample of size 1294 (647 urban and 647 rural), a multistage cluster sampling was used. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed. Moreover, Kaplan Meier survival analysis was used. Results: About half, 51.3% of the youths have ever had sex. Rural youths initiate sexual intercourse at lower age than their urban counterparts with mean (±SD) (16.49+2.11) for rural and (17.18+2.32) for urban youths. The hazard ratio for sexual imitation was significant (AHR [95% CI] =1.45 [1.19, 2.55]. Multivariate analysis showed that factors like female by gender, chewing Khat, drinking alcohol, viewing pornographic materials and less connectedness with parents were independent predictors of early sexual initiation. Conclusion: Early sexual initiation prevails more in rural than urban youths. Delaying sexual debut can be achieved through well designed sexual education programs at earlier life. Strengthening the norm of virginity should be advocated. Equally, ways to access condoms and other contraceptives especially to rural youths should be sought for those who already initiate sexual intercourse.
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