14th ICID - Poster Abstracts - International Society for Infectious ...

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When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 84.001 Session: Virology and Viral Infections (Non-HIV) Date: Friday, March 12, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Intravenous immunoglobulin manufactured from selected Chinese donors protects mice from lethal Enterovirus 71 infection R. Cao, J. Han, E. Qin, C. Qin Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China Background: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has emerged as a significant cause of acute encephalitis and paralysis in China, resulting in hundreds of deaths in young children since 2006. Passive transfer of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) from Chinese donors has been associated with reduced mortality in children with severe EV71 infections. The anti-EV71 neutralization antibodies in Chinese IVIG products may contribute to the protection from EV71 infection. Methods: A modified high-throughput microneutralization assay was performed to screen for plasma units containing high titer (>100) anti-EV71 antibodies from Chinese plasma donors. Positive units were then pooled and processed into pharmaceutical grade EV71-specific IVIG (EV71-IVIG). Different doses (0.1 to 5 mg) of EV71-IVIG and commercial IVIG were administered following lethal EV71 infection in sucking mice, respectively, according to the specific experimental protocol. Mice were monitored daily for body weight and mortality. Results: About 10% of the plasma units from Chinese plasma donors were selected to produce EV71-IVIG. In vitro neutralization assays showed that the anti-EV71 antibodies titer (>1024) in EV71-IVIG preparations was 10-fold higher than that in commercial IVIG preparations. Full protection was archived when the infected mice were treated with EV71-IVIG, while similar treatments using commercial IVIG had no protective effect. Recovery of the infected mice was dependent on the dose and time of IVIG administration. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that IVIG with higher titer (>1024) neutralization antibodies conferred protection against lethal EV71 challenge in an animal model. This finding also suggested that blood from selected donors in EV71 endemic regions can improve the potency of IVIG and EV71-IVIG should be developed for the treatment of fatal EV71 infections.
When citing these abstracts please use the following reference: Author(s) of abstract. Title of abstract [abstract]. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14S1: Abstract number. Please note that the official publication of the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, Volume 14, Supplement 1 is available electronically on http://www.sciencedirect.com Final Abstract Number: 84.002 Session: Virology and Viral Infections (Non-HIV) Date: Friday, March 12, 2010 Time: 12:30-13:30 Room: Poster & Exhibition Area/Ground Level Type: Poster Presentation Polio controling Nigeria and other developing countries: A systematic review/meta-analysi of literature on the use of combined OPV & IPV measure as against OPV only S. I. EZIKEANYI Federal Ministry of Health Abuja, ABUJA, Nigeria Background: Despite the overwhelming evidence-based studies across the world on the efficacy and effectiveness of poliomyelitis eradication using the combined OPV & IPV immunization schedule for children 0-59 months, Nigeria still adheres to her policy on monovalent 'Sabin' live attenuated oral polio vaccine (mOPV1) that is only targeting the type 1 strain among the three strains of the virus. The question here is what informs Nigeria health policy makers' decision to continue with the current policy that started since 2006 despite the persistent circulating Wild Polio Virus (WPV) that has had its toll on children and drains all efforts of achieving the MDGs 4 of reducing Child morbidity and mortality come 2015. Empirical evidence from a number of countries suggests that a policy on combined Sabin live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) and Salk killed inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in polio control program by improving protection of children at individual levels and at community level by conferring herd immunity can make a major contribution to poliomyelitis control and possible eradication of the persistent circulating wild polio strain and its consequent disability and mortality. Methods: A systematic literature review methodology was used to identify relevant publications that reported the use of OPV & IPV in the control of polio. Databases were searched using different search terms. Of the 100 publications initially selected, 38 met the inclusion criteria and had evidence level 1 and 2 ranking. Results: The research revealed a remarkable reduction in polio incidence in those countries. OPV & IPV was found to reduce polio incidence or outbreak by 85%-90%, Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) by 85% and cost per child of 5$ for full immunization coverage. Conclusion: OPV & IPV combination has been shown to be more effective than OPV alone and very potent in the eradication of persistent strains of the virus. The author recommends the adoption of OPV & IPV by Nigeria as the main dynamics of driving the polio immunization program towards elimination or even total eradication of the wild circulating polio virus in Nigeria and other neighboring sub-Saharan African countries.
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