Participation and Democracy: Dynamics, Causes ... - Jacobs University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Mexico (n= 1837) 1,1 15,5 69,1 (n= 1531) 6,0 30,4 50,1 (n= 1535) 1,7 14,4 65,8 (n= 1560) 2,7 12,9 72,4 Moldova (n= 1008) 3,4 10,6 68,3 (n= 1046) 4,8 20,2 72,2 Montenegro (n= 1060) 13,6 48,2 23,6 Morocco (n= 2264) 5,5 24,0 56,9 (n= 1200) 7 29,7 50,8 Netherlands (n= 1221) 5,6 26,4 60,3 (n=1017) 8,2 32,4 57,3 (n= 1003) 21,3 38,4 40,1 (n= 1050) 11,9 36,9 38,7 New Zealand (n= 1201) 16,2 48,3 20,6 (n= 954 15,4 48,1 22,9 N. Ireland (n= 312) 4,9 34,0 56,2 (n=304) 8,9 28,3 58,9 (n= 1000) 13,0 24,8 57,4 Norway (n= 1051) 6,4 35,8 52,0 (n= 1239) 11,1 48,1 33,8 (n=1127) 17,9 55,8 25,5 (n= 1025) 24 42,1 33,4 Peru (n= 1501) 7,2 38,5 47,2 (n= 1500) 4,6 24 66 Philippines (n= 1200) 4,4 12,1 82,5 Poland (n= 1920) 5,3 24,3 56,0 (n= 1095) 4,1 23,5 71,1 (n= 1000) 4,7 18,5 71,9 Portugal (n= 1185) 4,1 28,0 57,5 (n= 1000) 4,4 31,6 59,2 Romania (n= 1146) 1,5 13,1 64,0 (n= 1776) 1 12,8 78,7 Russia (n= 1961) 3,8 30,8 50,5 (n= 2500) 2,4 20,8 69,9 (n= 2033) 2,4 16,7 73,6 Rwanda (n= 1507) 3,6 8,5 80,7 Serbia (n= 1200) 17,8 30,1 44,8 (n= 1220) 15,2 35 42 Singapore (n= 1512) 1,3 17,6 79,9 Slovakia (n*=1136) 3,3 27,7 44,1 (n= 1331) 3,5 24,0 55,3 280
Slovenia (n= 1035) 6,4 37,ß 36,8 (n= 1006) 7,7 50,6 35,2 (n= 1037) 5,9 42 45,4 South Africa (n= 1596) 7,9 19,1 57,1 (n= 2736) 14,1 32,6 45,2 (n= 3000) 20,1 27,8 47,6 (n= 2988) 9,4 23 61,5 South Korea (n= 970) 1,8 36,6 38,2 (n= 1251) 10,5 46,1 36,2 (n= 1200) 7,3 44,7 20,3 (n= 1200) 6 52,2 41,7 Spain (n= 2303) 7,7 24,2 54,4 (n= 4147) 4,5 20,8 56,5 (n= 2409) 4,9 20,1 60,8 (n= 1200) 6,3 31,6 52 Sweden (n= 954) 8,0 48,8 37,2 (n= 1047) 15,8 58,9 20,9 (n= 1015) 32,4 53,9 12,0 (n= 1003) 27,5 47,3 22,2 Switzerland (n= 1212) 11,5 32,5 50,8 (n= 1241) 18,8 35,9 43,1 Tanzania (n= 1171) 4,6 21,9 70,8 Thailand (n= 1534) 2,5 15,1 82,2 Trinidad and Tobago (n= 1002) 8,1 47,8 40,7 Turkey (n= 1039) 5,2 21,4 66,7 (n= 4607) 5,5 28,1 65,0 (n= 1346) 5,3 29,5 63,9 Uganda (n= 1002) 10,4 29,5 39,8 Ukraine (n= 1195) 4,5 22,2 62,2 (n= 1000) 4,2 15,9 74,1 Uruguay (n= 1000) 3,6 16,2 71 (n= 1000) 1,9 8,3 88,7 USA (n= 2325) 14,7 32,2 46,5 (n= 1839) 18,0 42,5 34,4 (n= 1200) 25,2 50,2 22,8 (n= 1249) 19,2 52 26,4 Venezuela (n= 1200) 1,5 5,8 88,9 Vietnam (n= 1000) 0,5 14,7 75,8 (n= 1495) 0,5 12,6 85,2 West Germany (n= 1305) 5,8 28,4 56,6 (n= 2101) 8,9 32,7 47,2 (n= 1037) 10,4 38,9 42,9 (n= 988) 12,3 41,6 41,4 281
Page 1 and 2:
Participation and Democracy: Dynami
Page 3 and 4:
Declaration: I herewith declare tha
Page 5 and 6:
C Empirical Analyses 5 “The Rise
Page 7 and 8:
Figures and Tables Figure 2-1 Chang
Page 9 and 10:
Figure 9-3 Figure 9-4 Elite-Challen
Page 11 and 12:
Introduction “The effective isola
Page 13 and 14:
forms of participation as elite-cha
Page 15 and 16:
attempts to link the different appr
Page 17 and 18:
Section B then outlines the methodo
Page 19 and 20:
A THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS The th
Page 21 and 22:
citizens think that national govern
Page 23 and 24:
citizens used SMS to keep informed
Page 25 and 26:
2. Theoretical Framework: What Expl
Page 27 and 28:
has impacted generations of academi
Page 29 and 30:
28-29). The experience of these act
Page 31 and 32:
in mass-based, hierarchical organiz
Page 33 and 34:
Figure 2-1: Change in Party Members
Page 35 and 36:
in the context of the movements the
Page 37 and 38:
It is therefore no wonder that the
Page 39 and 40:
that some fundamental social and cu
Page 41 and 42:
constitutions: universal suffrage,
Page 43 and 44:
of political activism in general an
Page 45 and 46:
political consumerism) as the consc
Page 47 and 48:
“subjective political competence
Page 49 and 50:
have differentiated between two typ
Page 51 and 52:
For the design of an empirical part
Page 53 and 54:
general, political participation sh
Page 55 and 56:
mobilization capacity. As these org
Page 57 and 58:
(1) Resources: Participants in elit
Page 59 and 60:
Hypotheses on the aggregate level:
Page 61 and 62:
To measure participation in elite-c
Page 63 and 64:
authors have demonstrated how a com
Page 65 and 66:
different countries and languages.
Page 67 and 68:
of law, scholars became more and mo
Page 69 and 70:
Table 4-1: Democratic Societies Inc
Page 71 and 72:
The empirical analyses exclude soci
Page 73 and 74:
Will you please place each of the l
Page 75 and 76:
European Social Survey The European
Page 77 and 78:
and actual participation has not na
Page 79 and 80:
In a first step, the single items i
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 5-1: Participation in Elite-
Page 83 and 84:
increase as national income rises.
Page 85 and 86:
Once again, with almost two thirds
Page 87 and 88:
The societies in Europe show differ
Page 89 and 90:
attack. These massive demonstration
Page 91 and 92:
5.2 Trends in Elite-Challenging Act
Page 93 and 94:
societies were split into English-s
Page 95 and 96:
However, Figure 5-9 reveals that th
Page 97 and 98:
expectancy declined (in particular
Page 99 and 100:
6. Common Patterns of Complement or
Page 101 and 102:
If it was true that elite-challengi
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 6-1: Elite-Challenging Activ
Page 105 and 106:
This conclusion is supported by the
Page 107 and 108:
Table 6-2: Individual-Level Correla
Page 109 and 110:
democracy alive at the very grassro
Page 111 and 112:
participation in citizen action gro
Page 113 and 114:
interest organizations than the one
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 6-5 takes up the trend depic
Page 117 and 118:
7. Down and Down We Go? Social Capi
Page 119 and 120:
enough to stimulate people into act
Page 121 and 122:
The European Social Survey (ESS 200
Page 123 and 124:
a member of one single organization
Page 125 and 126:
associations. Social activity in Eu
Page 127 and 128:
tradition to assume that organizati
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 7-5: Informal Networks in Eu
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 7-6: Trust Level and Elite-C
Page 135 and 136:
generalized horizontal trust also p
Page 137 and 138:
Table 7-4 presents two separate reg
Page 139 and 140:
Summarizing the results so far, eli
Page 141 and 142:
Model 3: β 1j = γ 10 + γ 11 (Mem
Page 143 and 144:
Table 7-5: Multi-Level (Hierarchica
Page 145 and 146:
8. Individual Characteristics or Co
Page 147 and 148:
activities over the past decades sh
Page 149 and 150:
(2) Conventional Participation Poli
Page 151 and 152:
Table 8-2: Binary-Logistic Regressi
Page 153 and 154:
the chances to participate in elite
Page 155 and 156:
able to participate in selecting th
Page 157 and 158:
Figure 8-2: 1.0 Elite-Challenging A
Page 159 and 160:
Inequality: Gini coefficient The in
Page 161 and 162:
Figure 8-5: 1.0 Elite-Challenging A
Page 163 and 164:
assess the formal structure of a de
Page 165 and 166:
8.3 The Multilevel Model: What Dete
Page 167 and 168:
well-known phenomenon in regression
Page 169 and 170:
to replace the five single predicto
Page 171 and 172:
The intraclass correlation coeffici
Page 173 and 174:
Table 8-5: Multi-Level Model (HGLM)
Page 175 and 176:
European societies only. The effect
Page 177 and 178:
9. Elite-Challenging Activities and
Page 179 and 180:
for both scales are derived. Accord
Page 181 and 182:
in a country. Civil liberties are r
Page 183 and 184:
9.1.2 Measures of Elite Integrity a
Page 185 and 186:
Figure 9-4: Elite-Challenging Activ
Page 187 and 188:
Table 9-1: Zero-Order and Partial C
Page 189 and 190:
the ideal citizen voices his or her
Page 191 and 192:
Continued: “Having democratic rul
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
political interest is a dominant fa
Page 197 and 198:
Continued: Interest in Politics (Pe
Page 199 and 200:
participation in elite-challenging
Page 201 and 202:
Continued: Tolerance towards foreig
Page 203 and 204:
The results in Table 9-6 show that
Page 205 and 206:
signing petitions. Major accounts o
Page 207 and 208:
Causes of elite-challenging activit
Page 209 and 210:
public behavior. The elite-challeng
Page 211 and 212:
Bibliography Abramson, Paul R. (199
Page 213 and 214:
Dahl, Robert D. (1971): Polyarchy:
Page 215 and 216:
Dickerson, Mark and Thomas Flanagan
Page 217 and 218:
Gerring, John, Philip Bond, William
Page 219 and 220:
Huntington, Samuel P. (2000): Forew
Page 221 and 222:
Karatnycky, Adrian (1999): The Decl
Page 223 and 224:
Lenski, Gerhard E. (1954): Status C
Page 225 and 226:
McCarthy, John D., Clark McPhail, J
Page 227 and 228:
Peters, B. Guy (1998): Comparative
Page 229 and 230:
Rucht, Dieter and Thomas Ohlemacher
Page 231 and 232:
Stolle, Dietlind (2001): Clubs and
Page 233 and 234:
Van Deth, Jan W. (1998a): Equivalen
Page 235 and 236:
Associations and Political Involvem
Page 237 and 238:
Checklist 1: Criteria for evaluatin
Page 239 and 240: G) Personal Autonomy and Individual
Page 241 and 242: 1981 1982 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86 1
Page 243 and 244: 1981 1982 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86 1
Page 245 and 246: 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 199
Page 247 and 248: Appendix A4-4: Internal Consistency
Page 249 and 250: Appendix A5-2: Elite-Challenging Ac
Page 251 and 252: Appendix A6-2: Individual-Level Cor
Page 253 and 254: Appendix A6-4: Factor Analysis: Unp
Page 255 and 256: Continued (1)… Social activities
Page 257 and 258: Continued (3)… Social activities
Page 259 and 260: Appendix A7-3: Social Trust in Euro
Page 261 and 262: Appendix A7-5: Stepwise Multi-Level
Page 263 and 264: Continued (2)…. Gender * Societal
Page 265 and 266: Gender (percent valid) Age (percent
Page 267 and 268: Political interest (percent valid)
Page 269 and 270: Appendix A8-4: Alternative Multi-Le
Page 271 and 272: Appendix A9-1: Elite-Challenging Ac
Page 273 and 274: Appendix A9-3: Individual-level Cor
Page 275 and 276: Appendix A9-4: Factor Analysis: Ess
Page 277 and 278: Continued: People with a different
Page 279 and 280: Finland (n=1224) 1,1 11,9 28,1 51,3
Page 281 and 282: World Values Survey/European Values
Page 283 and 284: Greece (n= 1142) 48,4 37,5 11,7 Gua
Page 285 and 286: Slovakia (n*=1136) 34,8 31,9 18,1 (
Page 287 and 288: Joining in Boycotts 1981 1990 1999-
Page 289: Guatemala (n= 1000) 1,2 8,8 85,5 Hu
Page 293 and 294: Attending Lawful Demonstrations 198
Page 295 and 296: Greece (n= 1142) 46,1 37,1 13,7 Gua
Page 297 and 298: Slovakia (n*=1602) 19,3 47,0 21,1 (
Page 299 and 300: Joining Unofficial Strikes 1981 199
Page 301 and 302: Italy (n= 1348) 2,3 8,0 83,4 (n= 20
Page 303 and 304: Venezuela (n= 1200) 2,4 6,1 87,9 Vi
Page 305 and 306: Croatia (n= 1003) 0,7 16,6 73,3 Cze
Page 307 and 308: Peru (n= 1501) 1,6 11,5 80,7 Philip
Page 309 and 310: European Social Survey 2002 and 200
Page 311 and 312: Netherlands (n=2364) 22,3 77,2 23,4
Page 313 and 314: Denmark (n=1506) 22,8 76,8 28,2 71,
Page 315: Participated in illegal protest act
show all

Participation and Democracy: Dynamics, Causes ... - Jacobs University

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?