Participation and Democracy: Dynamics, Causes ... - Jacobs University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Hungary (n=1685) 3,7 96,1 1,6 98,0 Hungary (n=1498) Ireland (n=2046) 6,9 90,4 5,7 92,0 Ireland (n=2286) Israel (n=2499) 9,8 89,2 Italy (n=1207) 10,9 88,5 Luxembourg (n=1552) 20,7 78,6 14,8 85,1 Luxembourg (n=1635) Netherlands (n=2364) 2,9 96,8 4,4 95,4 Netherlands (n=1881) Poland (n=2110) 1,3 98,2 1,6 98,2 Poland (n=1716) Portugal (n=1511) 4,3 95,0 3,5 96,3 Portugal (n=2052) Sweden (n=1999) 6,4 93,5 7,5 92,5 Sweden (n=1948) Slovenia (n=1519) 2,7 96,1 1,6 97,7 Slovenia (n=1442) 2,0 97,6 Estonia (n=1989) 15,2 83,2 Iceland (n=579) 3,7 95,5 Slovakia (n=1512) 21,6 77,8 Ukraine (n=2031) Where values do not add up to 100 percent, it is due to missing values, Question wording: “There are different ways of trying to improve things in [country] or help prevent things from going wrong, During the last 12 months, have you done any of following? (,,,) Taken part in a lawful demonstration,” Boycotted certain products 2002 (Round 1) 2004 (Round 2) Yes No Yes No France (n=1503) 26,6 73,2 29,9 69,8 France (n=1806) Norway (n=2036) 36,6 63,3 23,5 76,4 Norway (n=1760) Austria (n=2257) 21,2 77,1 19,1 78,4 Austria (n=2256) Belgium (n=1899) 12,7 86,6 9,8 89,9 Belgium (n=1778) Switzerland (n=2039) 31,3 68,3 24,9 74,9 Switzerland (n=2141) Czech Republic (n=1360) 10,5 86,7 6,7 90,3 Czech Republic (n=3026) Germany (n=2919) 26,0 73,8 21,9 77,9 Germany (n=2870) 302
Denmark (n=1506) 22,8 76,8 28,2 71,2 Denmark (n=1487) Spain (n=1729) 7,8 90,3 13,9 85,6 Spain (n=1663) Finland (n=2000) 26,8 73,0 29,3 70,7 Finland (n=2022) UK (n=2052) 26,0 73,6 20,5 79,1 UK (n=1897) Greece (n=2566) 8,4 90,3 5,1 94,8 Greece (n=2406) Hungary (n=1685) 4,8 94,9 5,1 94,3 Hungary (n=1498) Ireland (n=2046) 13,3 84,3 10,6 86,8 Ireland (n=2286) Israel (n=2499) 14,8 84,1 Italy (n=1207) 7,5 91,9 Luxembourg (n=1552) 15,7 78,6 14,0 85,1 Luxembourg (n=1635) Netherlands (n=2364) 10,4 89,4 8,3 91,1 Netherlands (n=1881) Poland (n=2110) 3,6 95,8 5,0 94,5 Poland (n=1716) Portugal (n=1511) 3,4 95,9 2,0 97,5 Portugal (n=2052) Sweden (n=1999) 32,3 67,2 34,8 65,2 Sweden (n=1948) Slovenia (n=1519) 5,1 93,6 2,1 97,2 Slovenia (n=1442) 4,1 95,2 Estonia (n=1989) 27,6 70,5 Iceland (n=579) 11,2 86,2 Slovakia (n=1512) 1,8 97,4 Ukraine (n=2031) Where values do not add up to 100 percent, it is due to missing values, Question wording: “There are different ways of trying to improve things in [country] or help prevent things from going wrong, During the last 12 months, have you done any of following? (,,,) Boycotted certain products,” 303
Page 1 and 2:
Participation and Democracy: Dynami
Page 3 and 4:
Declaration: I herewith declare tha
Page 5 and 6:
C Empirical Analyses 5 “The Rise
Page 7 and 8:
Figures and Tables Figure 2-1 Chang
Page 9 and 10:
Figure 9-3 Figure 9-4 Elite-Challen
Page 11 and 12:
Introduction “The effective isola
Page 13 and 14:
forms of participation as elite-cha
Page 15 and 16:
attempts to link the different appr
Page 17 and 18:
Section B then outlines the methodo
Page 19 and 20:
A THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS The th
Page 21 and 22:
citizens think that national govern
Page 23 and 24:
citizens used SMS to keep informed
Page 25 and 26:
2. Theoretical Framework: What Expl
Page 27 and 28:
has impacted generations of academi
Page 29 and 30:
28-29). The experience of these act
Page 31 and 32:
in mass-based, hierarchical organiz
Page 33 and 34:
Figure 2-1: Change in Party Members
Page 35 and 36:
in the context of the movements the
Page 37 and 38:
It is therefore no wonder that the
Page 39 and 40:
that some fundamental social and cu
Page 41 and 42:
constitutions: universal suffrage,
Page 43 and 44:
of political activism in general an
Page 45 and 46:
political consumerism) as the consc
Page 47 and 48:
“subjective political competence
Page 49 and 50:
have differentiated between two typ
Page 51 and 52:
For the design of an empirical part
Page 53 and 54:
general, political participation sh
Page 55 and 56:
mobilization capacity. As these org
Page 57 and 58:
(1) Resources: Participants in elit
Page 59 and 60:
Hypotheses on the aggregate level:
Page 61 and 62:
To measure participation in elite-c
Page 63 and 64:
authors have demonstrated how a com
Page 65 and 66:
different countries and languages.
Page 67 and 68:
of law, scholars became more and mo
Page 69 and 70:
Table 4-1: Democratic Societies Inc
Page 71 and 72:
The empirical analyses exclude soci
Page 73 and 74:
Will you please place each of the l
Page 75 and 76:
European Social Survey The European
Page 77 and 78:
and actual participation has not na
Page 79 and 80:
In a first step, the single items i
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 5-1: Participation in Elite-
Page 83 and 84:
increase as national income rises.
Page 85 and 86:
Once again, with almost two thirds
Page 87 and 88:
The societies in Europe show differ
Page 89 and 90:
attack. These massive demonstration
Page 91 and 92:
5.2 Trends in Elite-Challenging Act
Page 93 and 94:
societies were split into English-s
Page 95 and 96:
However, Figure 5-9 reveals that th
Page 97 and 98:
expectancy declined (in particular
Page 99 and 100:
6. Common Patterns of Complement or
Page 101 and 102:
If it was true that elite-challengi
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 6-1: Elite-Challenging Activ
Page 105 and 106:
This conclusion is supported by the
Page 107 and 108:
Table 6-2: Individual-Level Correla
Page 109 and 110:
democracy alive at the very grassro
Page 111 and 112:
participation in citizen action gro
Page 113 and 114:
interest organizations than the one
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 6-5 takes up the trend depic
Page 117 and 118:
7. Down and Down We Go? Social Capi
Page 119 and 120:
enough to stimulate people into act
Page 121 and 122:
The European Social Survey (ESS 200
Page 123 and 124:
a member of one single organization
Page 125 and 126:
associations. Social activity in Eu
Page 127 and 128:
tradition to assume that organizati
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 7-5: Informal Networks in Eu
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 7-6: Trust Level and Elite-C
Page 135 and 136:
generalized horizontal trust also p
Page 137 and 138:
Table 7-4 presents two separate reg
Page 139 and 140:
Summarizing the results so far, eli
Page 141 and 142:
Model 3: β 1j = γ 10 + γ 11 (Mem
Page 143 and 144:
Table 7-5: Multi-Level (Hierarchica
Page 145 and 146:
8. Individual Characteristics or Co
Page 147 and 148:
activities over the past decades sh
Page 149 and 150:
(2) Conventional Participation Poli
Page 151 and 152:
Table 8-2: Binary-Logistic Regressi
Page 153 and 154:
the chances to participate in elite
Page 155 and 156:
able to participate in selecting th
Page 157 and 158:
Figure 8-2: 1.0 Elite-Challenging A
Page 159 and 160:
Inequality: Gini coefficient The in
Page 161 and 162:
Figure 8-5: 1.0 Elite-Challenging A
Page 163 and 164:
assess the formal structure of a de
Page 165 and 166:
8.3 The Multilevel Model: What Dete
Page 167 and 168:
well-known phenomenon in regression
Page 169 and 170:
to replace the five single predicto
Page 171 and 172:
The intraclass correlation coeffici
Page 173 and 174:
Table 8-5: Multi-Level Model (HGLM)
Page 175 and 176:
European societies only. The effect
Page 177 and 178:
9. Elite-Challenging Activities and
Page 179 and 180:
for both scales are derived. Accord
Page 181 and 182:
in a country. Civil liberties are r
Page 183 and 184:
9.1.2 Measures of Elite Integrity a
Page 185 and 186:
Figure 9-4: Elite-Challenging Activ
Page 187 and 188:
Table 9-1: Zero-Order and Partial C
Page 189 and 190:
the ideal citizen voices his or her
Page 191 and 192:
Continued: “Having democratic rul
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
political interest is a dominant fa
Page 197 and 198:
Continued: Interest in Politics (Pe
Page 199 and 200:
participation in elite-challenging
Page 201 and 202:
Continued: Tolerance towards foreig
Page 203 and 204:
The results in Table 9-6 show that
Page 205 and 206:
signing petitions. Major accounts o
Page 207 and 208:
Causes of elite-challenging activit
Page 209 and 210:
public behavior. The elite-challeng
Page 211 and 212:
Bibliography Abramson, Paul R. (199
Page 213 and 214:
Dahl, Robert D. (1971): Polyarchy:
Page 215 and 216:
Dickerson, Mark and Thomas Flanagan
Page 217 and 218:
Gerring, John, Philip Bond, William
Page 219 and 220:
Huntington, Samuel P. (2000): Forew
Page 221 and 222:
Karatnycky, Adrian (1999): The Decl
Page 223 and 224:
Lenski, Gerhard E. (1954): Status C
Page 225 and 226:
McCarthy, John D., Clark McPhail, J
Page 227 and 228:
Peters, B. Guy (1998): Comparative
Page 229 and 230:
Rucht, Dieter and Thomas Ohlemacher
Page 231 and 232:
Stolle, Dietlind (2001): Clubs and
Page 233 and 234:
Van Deth, Jan W. (1998a): Equivalen
Page 235 and 236:
Associations and Political Involvem
Page 237 and 238:
Checklist 1: Criteria for evaluatin
Page 239 and 240:
G) Personal Autonomy and Individual
Page 241 and 242:
1981 1982 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86 1
Page 243 and 244:
1981 1982 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86 1
Page 245 and 246:
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 199
Page 247 and 248:
Appendix A4-4: Internal Consistency
Page 249 and 250:
Appendix A5-2: Elite-Challenging Ac
Page 251 and 252:
Appendix A6-2: Individual-Level Cor
Page 253 and 254:
Appendix A6-4: Factor Analysis: Unp
Page 255 and 256:
Continued (1)… Social activities
Page 257 and 258:
Continued (3)… Social activities
Page 259 and 260:
Appendix A7-3: Social Trust in Euro
Page 261 and 262: Appendix A7-5: Stepwise Multi-Level
Page 263 and 264: Continued (2)…. Gender * Societal
Page 265 and 266: Gender (percent valid) Age (percent
Page 267 and 268: Political interest (percent valid)
Page 269 and 270: Appendix A8-4: Alternative Multi-Le
Page 271 and 272: Appendix A9-1: Elite-Challenging Ac
Page 273 and 274: Appendix A9-3: Individual-level Cor
Page 275 and 276: Appendix A9-4: Factor Analysis: Ess
Page 277 and 278: Continued: People with a different
Page 279 and 280: Finland (n=1224) 1,1 11,9 28,1 51,3
Page 281 and 282: World Values Survey/European Values
Page 283 and 284: Greece (n= 1142) 48,4 37,5 11,7 Gua
Page 285 and 286: Slovakia (n*=1136) 34,8 31,9 18,1 (
Page 287 and 288: Joining in Boycotts 1981 1990 1999-
Page 289 and 290: Guatemala (n= 1000) 1,2 8,8 85,5 Hu
Page 291 and 292: Slovenia (n= 1035) 6,4 37,ß 36,8 (
Page 293 and 294: Attending Lawful Demonstrations 198
Page 295 and 296: Greece (n= 1142) 46,1 37,1 13,7 Gua
Page 297 and 298: Slovakia (n*=1602) 19,3 47,0 21,1 (
Page 299 and 300: Joining Unofficial Strikes 1981 199
Page 301 and 302: Italy (n= 1348) 2,3 8,0 83,4 (n= 20
Page 303 and 304: Venezuela (n= 1200) 2,4 6,1 87,9 Vi
Page 305 and 306: Croatia (n= 1003) 0,7 16,6 73,3 Cze
Page 307 and 308: Peru (n= 1501) 1,6 11,5 80,7 Philip
Page 309 and 310: European Social Survey 2002 and 200
Page 311: Netherlands (n=2364) 22,3 77,2 23,4
Page 315: Participated in illegal protest act
show all

Participation and Democracy: Dynamics, Causes ... - Jacobs University

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?