Chemical Thermodynamics of Tin - Volume 12 - OECD Nuclear ...

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228 IX Group 16 compounds and complexes to hydrolysis solubility measurements are rare and only tentative. According to [1960DON/MOS] quite concentrated, transparent aqueous solutions are obtained by adding water to the sulfate. Mass concentration varies from 352 g·dm –3 SnSO 4 at 20 °C to 220 g·dm –3 at 100 °C [1960DON/MOS]. In 0.5 M sulfuric acid the corresponding amounts of dissolved SnSO 4 are lower (23.2 g·dm –3 at 20 °C, 13.2 g·dm –3 at 100 °C). The stability field of SnSO 4 and its hydrolysis products in the system SnO-SO 3 -H 2 O have been determined by Denham and King at 25 °C and 50 °C [1935DEN/KIN]. Solubility of SnSO 4 drops sharply with increasing concentration of H 2 SO 4 , however, no solubility constant can be derived from the data. IX.1.2.4 Basic tin(II) sulfate IX.1.2.4.1 Composition of basic tin(II) sulfate From dilute aqueous solutions of tin(II) sulfate with a pH not higher than 2.4 a basic compound Sn 3 (OH) 2 OSO 4 , tritin(II) dihydroxide oxide sulfate, crystallises [1967DAV/DON], the crystal structure of which was determined [1975DAV/DON], [1975GRI]. Several hydrated forms have been discussed on the basis of chemical analyses [1882DIT2], [1926CAR], [1935DEN/KIN]. According to the study of [1935DEN/KIN] at higher sulfate concentrations the compound SnSO 4·SnO represents an equilibrium phase in aqueous solutions at 25 °C and 50 °C. Lundgren et al. performed a crystal structure analysis of SnSO 4·SnO [1982LUN/WER]. Basic tin(II) sulfate is a rare corrosion product found on the surfaces of tin and tin alloys. Tin(II) oxide sulfate, Sn 3 O 2 SO 4 , was identified on concretions of corroding bronze objects recovered from seawater [1982MAC]. IX.1.2.4.2 Solubility of Sn 3 (OH) 2 OSO 4 Edwards et al. [1996EDW/GIL] precipitated Sn 3 (OH) 2 OSO 4 (cr) by hydrolysis of tin(II) sulfate according to the following reaction 3 SnSO 4 (aq) + 3 H 2 O(l) Sn 3 (OH) 2 OSO 4 (cr) + 4 H + + The dissolution reaction Sn 3 (OH) 2 OSO 4 (cr) + 4 H + 3 Sn 2+ + 2 2SO − 4 . 2 SO − 4 + 3 H 2 O(l) (IX.12) was studied by measuring the activities of hydrogen ion, tin(II) ion and sulfate ion with glass, tin amalgam and sulfate ion selective electrodes, respectively. With ο log10 K s (IX.12) = − (5.01 ± 0.37), see Appendix A, thermodynamic auxiliary data for 2 SO − and H 2 O(l) taken from Table IV-1 and with (Sn 2+ 4 Δ ο fGm , 298.15 K) selected by this review has been obtained. Δ ο f G m (Sn 3(OH) 2 OSO 4 , cr, 298.15 K) = − (1566.2 ± 2.3) kJ·mol –1 CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN, ISBN 978-92-64-99206-1, © OECD 2012
IX.1 Sulfur compounds and complexes 229 Unfortunately, the authors do not describe all details of activity calibrations in NaClO 4 solution and do not explain how they corrected the observed “interference of the potential of the sulfate electrode by Sn 2+ ”. Therefore, this value of ο ΔfGm(Sn 3 (OH) 2 OSO 4 , cr, 298.15 K) can be affected by systematic errors and cannot be selected. CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN, ISBN 978-92-64-99206-1, © OECD 2012
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CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN Hein
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CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS Vol. 1. Che
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vi Preface of the successive drafts
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viii Acknowledgements for peer revi
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x How to contact the NEA TDB Projec
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xii Contents III Selected tin data
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xiv Contents VIII.3 Aqueous halide
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xvi Contents B.1.3.2 Estimations ba
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xviii List of figures Figure VII-12
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xx List of figures Figure IX-3: Hea
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xxii List of figures Figure A-35: S
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List of tables Table II-1: Abbrevia
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List of tables xxvii Table VIII-1:
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List of tables xxix Table IX-4: Tab
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List of tables xxxi Table A-21: Sta
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List of tables xxxiii Table A-64: T
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Part 1 Introductory material
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4 I Introduction and Ti. In 1976, t
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6 I Introduction The present review
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8 I Introduction subjective choice
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10 II Standards, conventions and co
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30 II.3 II Standards, conventions a
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Part 2 Tables of selected data
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44 III Selected tin data Table III-
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50 III Selected tin data Species Re
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Chapter IV Selected auxiliary data
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IV Selected auxiliary data 57 Table
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IV Selected auxiliary data 75 Speci
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IV Selected auxiliary data 77 Speci
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Part 3 Discussion of data selection
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82 V Elemental tin transition, call
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84 V Elemental tin ο Table V-3: Co
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86 V Elemental tin Table V-6: Param
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Chapter VI VI Simple tin aqua ionsE
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VI.2 Sn 2+ 91 at 24.5 °C in aqueou
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VI.2 Sn 2+ 93 Reference Table VI-1:
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VI.2 Sn 2+ 95 As only three data pa
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VI.2 Sn 2+ 97 Figures A-37 to A-40.
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VI.3 Sn 4+ 99 Sn 4+ + H 2 (g) Sn 2
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VI.3 Sn 4+ 101 (NH 4 ) 2 SnCl 6 see
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VI.3 Sn 4+ 103 Sn 4+ + H 2 (g) Sn
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VI.3 Sn 4+ 105 Figure VI-3: Modifie
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108 VII Tin oxygen and hydrogen com
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138 VIII Group 17 (halogen) compoun
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A Discussion of selected references
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B Appendix B Ionic strength correct
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B.1 2BThe specific ion interaction
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B.3 4BTables of ion interaction coe
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484 C Assigned uncertainties The mi
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486 C Assigned uncertainties discus
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488 C Assigned uncertainties In cas
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490 C Assigned uncertainties The un
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492 C Assigned uncertainties In thi
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494 C Assigned uncertainties bit fu
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496 C Assigned uncertainties that t
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498 C Assigned uncertainties Eq. (C
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Bibliography [1813BER] [1831NEU] [1
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