Chemical Thermodynamics of Tin - Volume 12 - OECD Nuclear ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

396 A Discussion of selected references considered in the present assessment, but the reviewers assigned higher uncertainty to this constant than was reported by the authors. [1991DUF/WIL] The chemical speciation of tin(II)- and tin(IV)-pyrophosphate systems were investigated by a pH-metric method in 0.15 M NaCl solution at 25 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The authors also determined the protonation constants of pyrophosphate under identical conditions. The hydroxido complexes of tin(II) and tin(IV) were taken into account during the calculations (the formation constants were taken from [1978KRA]), but only the species Sn(OH) − 3 was formed in appreciable amount (above pH 8). The pH-metric curves were obtained at different pyrophosphate-tin(II) ratios and for different pyrophosphate (10 to 50 mM) and tin (3 to 25 mM) concentrations. The authors reported the formation of a white precipitate below pH 2.6 in the tin(II)-pyrophosphate system, which was identified as Sn 2 P 2 O 7 (s). Similar observations were not reported in related publications [1980ORE/AND2], [1986TUR/KRA], [1986TUR/KRA2], [1987TUR/KRA], which is probably due to the higher concentration of tin(II) applied in [1991DUF/WIL]. The authors suggested the formation of seven Sn(II) complexes: 2 SnP2PO − 6 7 , Sn(P2O 7) − 5 2 , SnH(P2O 7) − 4 2 , SnH 2(P2O 7) − 3 2 , SnH 3(P2O 7) − 10 2 , Sn(P2O 7) − 3 3 and Sn(OH)(P2O 7) − . Although several common species can be found, the speciation based on the data of Tur'yan et al. [1986TUR/KRA], [1986TUR/KRA2], [1987TUR/KRA] and that suggested by Duffield et al. are rather different (Figure A-46). This is due to the neglected Na + 4 - PO − 2 7 interaction and to the different experimental conditions used (Tur'yan at al. applied 1 M NaClO 4 as background electrolyte and a notably wider range of tin(II)/pyrophosphate ratios). In addition, the authors determined the solubility of Sn 2 P 2 O 7 (s). The solid Sn(II) pyrophosphate (obtained from Unilever Research, U.K.) was not characterised. The equilibrium between the solid and the solution (pure water and 0.15 M (Na,H)Cl with different amount of HCl) phases was found to be reached within 7 hours. The dissolved tin was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The formation of pyrophosphate complexes were taken into account during the calculation of solubility constants. The reported log10 K s,0 values showed rather important pH dependence (see Table A-59). The authors also reported the formation of very stable tin(IV)-pyrophosphate + 3 complexes ( SnHP2O 7 , SnHP 2 O 7 (aq), SnH(P2O 7) − 4 2 , Sn(P2O 7) − 5 2 , SnH 1(P2O 7) − − 2 ), which prevents the precipitation of hydrated SnO 2 (s) ion in the whole pH-range studied (pH = 2 to 10). Among the water soluble hydroxido complexes Sn(OH) − 5 and 2 Sn(OH) − * 6 , only the latter was considered in the calculations ( log10 β 6,1 = – 24.1, taken from [1978KRA]), and it was found to be dominant above pH 8.3 (however, at this pH the complex Sn(OH) − 5 should be the dominant species in solution, based on the selected values for the alkaline hydrolysis of tin(IV), see chapter VII.1.2). CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN, ISBN 978-92-64-99206-1, © OECD 2012
A Discussion of selected references 397 Figure A-46: Speciation curves in the tin(II)-pyrophosphate system ([Sn 2+ ] T = 10 –4 M, 3 [ PO − 4 ] T = 10 –3 M, T = 298 K). a) curves calculated using the data reported in [1991DUF/WIL] for I = 0.15 M NaCl, b) speciation suggested by Tur'yan et al. [1986TUR/KRA], [1986TUR/KRA2], [1987TUR/KRA] for I = 1.0 M NaClO 4 . a) 100 80 111 101 1-30 % Sn(II) 60 40 102 1-11 1-21 20 0 100 112 1-12 2 4 6 8 10 pH b) 100 80 100 101 1-11 1-30 % Sn(II) 60 40 132 20 122 112 1-20 0 2 4 6 8 10 pH CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN, ISBN 978-92-64-99206-1, © OECD 2012
Page 3 and 4:
CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN Hein
Page 5:
CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS Vol. 1. Che
Page 8 and 9:
vi Preface of the successive drafts
Page 10 and 11:
viii Acknowledgements for peer revi
Page 12 and 13:
x How to contact the NEA TDB Projec
Page 14 and 15:
xii Contents III Selected tin data
Page 16 and 17:
xiv Contents VIII.3 Aqueous halide
Page 18 and 19:
xvi Contents B.1.3.2 Estimations ba
Page 20 and 21:
xviii List of figures Figure VII-12
Page 22 and 23:
xx List of figures Figure IX-3: Hea
Page 24 and 25:
xxii List of figures Figure A-35: S
Page 27 and 28:
List of tables Table II-1: Abbrevia
Page 29 and 30:
List of tables xxvii Table VIII-1:
Page 31 and 32:
List of tables xxix Table IX-4: Tab
Page 33 and 34:
List of tables xxxi Table A-21: Sta
Page 35 and 36:
List of tables xxxiii Table A-64: T
Page 37:
Part 1 Introductory material
Page 40 and 41:
4 I Introduction and Ti. In 1976, t
Page 42 and 43:
6 I Introduction The present review
Page 44 and 45:
8 I Introduction subjective choice
Page 46 and 47:
10 II Standards, conventions and co
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
30 II.3 II Standards, conventions a
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 77:
Part 2 Tables of selected data
Page 80 and 81:
44 III Selected tin data Table III-
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
50 III Selected tin data Species Re
Page 88 and 89:
Page 91 and 92:
Chapter IV Selected auxiliary data
Page 93 and 94:
IV Selected auxiliary data 57 Table
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
IV Selected auxiliary data 75 Speci
Page 113 and 114:
IV Selected auxiliary data 77 Speci
Page 115:
Part 3 Discussion of data selection
Page 118 and 119:
82 V Elemental tin transition, call
Page 120 and 121:
84 V Elemental tin ο Table V-3: Co
Page 122 and 123:
86 V Elemental tin Table V-6: Param
Page 125 and 126:
Chapter VI VI Simple tin aqua ionsE
Page 127 and 128:
VI.2 Sn 2+ 91 at 24.5 °C in aqueou
Page 129 and 130:
VI.2 Sn 2+ 93 Reference Table VI-1:
Page 131 and 132:
VI.2 Sn 2+ 95 As only three data pa
Page 133 and 134:
VI.2 Sn 2+ 97 Figures A-37 to A-40.
Page 135 and 136:
VI.3 Sn 4+ 99 Sn 4+ + H 2 (g) Sn 2
Page 137 and 138:
VI.3 Sn 4+ 101 (NH 4 ) 2 SnCl 6 see
Page 139 and 140:
VI.3 Sn 4+ 103 Sn 4+ + H 2 (g) Sn
Page 141:
VI.3 Sn 4+ 105 Figure VI-3: Modifie
Page 144 and 145:
108 VII Tin oxygen and hydrogen com
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
138 VIII Group 17 (halogen) compoun
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 245 and 246:
Chapter IX IX Group 16 compounds an
Page 247 and 248:
IX.1 Sulfur compounds and complexes
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265:
Page 268 and 269:
232 X Group 15 compounds and comple
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 285 and 286:
Chapter XI XI Group 14 compounds an
Page 287:
XI-1 Aqueous tin thiocyanato comple
Page 291 and 292:
Appendix A Discussion of selected r
Page 293 and 294:
A Discussion of selected references
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382: A Discussion of selected references
Page 431: A Discussion of selected references
Page 471 and 472: B Appendix B Ionic strength correct
Page 473 and 474: B.1 2BThe specific ion interaction
Page 483 and 484:
B.1 2BThe specific ion interaction
Page 485 and 486:
B.3 4BTables of ion interaction coe
Page 487 and 488:
Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495 and 496:
Page 497 and 498:
Page 499 and 500:
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
Page 505 and 506:
Page 507 and 508:
Page 509 and 510:
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
Page 517:
Page 520 and 521:
484 C Assigned uncertainties The mi
Page 522 and 523:
486 C Assigned uncertainties discus
Page 524 and 525:
488 C Assigned uncertainties In cas
Page 526 and 527:
490 C Assigned uncertainties The un
Page 528 and 529:
492 C Assigned uncertainties In thi
Page 530 and 531:
494 C Assigned uncertainties bit fu
Page 532 and 533:
496 C Assigned uncertainties that t
Page 534 and 535:
498 C Assigned uncertainties Eq. (C
Page 537 and 538:
Bibliography [1813BER] [1831NEU] [1
Page 539 and 540:
Bibliography 503 [1906GOL/ECK] [190
Page 541 and 542:
Bibliography 505 [1924LAN] [1925BRI
Page 543 and 544:
Bibliography 507 [1932JAE/BOT] [193
Page 545 and 546:
Bibliography 509 [1937GER/KRU] [193
Page 547 and 548:
Bibliography 511 [1947SPA/KOH] [194
Page 549 and 550:
Bibliography 513 [1954BRU] [1954DEL
Page 551 and 552:
Bibliography 515 [1958KOV] [1958ORR
Page 553 and 554:
Bibliography 517 [1961DON] [1961GOL
Page 555 and 556:
Bibliography 519 [1963BRE/SOM] [196
Page 557 and 558:
Bibliography 521 [1964SIL/MAR] [196
Page 559 and 560:
Bibliography 523 [1967GRI/PAO] [196
Page 561 and 562:
Bibliography 525 [1968KEB/MUL] Keba
Page 563 and 564:
Bibliography 527 [1970BEA/PER] [197
Page 565 and 566:
Bibliography 529 [1971SIL/MAR] [197
Page 567 and 568:
Bibliography 531 [1973HUL/DES] Hult
Page 569 and 570:
Bibliography 533 [1974ANI/STE] Anis
Page 571 and 572:
Bibliography 535 [1975DAV/DON] [197
Page 573 and 574:
Bibliography 537 [1976GOR/NEK] [197
Page 575 and 576:
Bibliography 539 [1977STE/KOK] [197
Page 577 and 578:
Bibliography 541 [1978TIT/ZHA] [197
Page 579 and 580:
Bibliography 543 [1979VAS/GLA] [197
Page 581 and 582:
Bibliography 545 [1980SMO/YAK] [198
Page 583 and 584:
Bibliography 547 [1981STU/MOR] [198
Page 585 and 586:
Bibliography 549 [1983KAR/THO] [198
Page 587 and 588:
Bibliography 551 [1985BAR/PAR] [198
Page 589 and 590:
Bibliography 553 [1987CIA/IUL] [198
Page 591 and 592:
Bibliography 555 [1989CAL/SHA] [198
Page 593 and 594:
Bibliography 557 [1990KOK/RAK] Koku
Page 595 and 596:
Bibliography 559 [1991PIA/FOG] [199
Page 597 and 598:
Bibliography 561 [1993MCB/GOR] [199
Page 599 and 600:
Bibliography 563 [1997ALL/BAN] [199
Page 601 and 602:
Bibliography 565 [1999RAR/RAN] [199
Page 603 and 604:
Bibliography 567 [2002BUC/RON] [200
Page 605 and 606:
Bibliography 569 [2005GAM/BUG] [200
Page 607:
Bibliography 571 [2010TAN/SEK] [201
Page 610 and 611:
574 List of cited authors Author An
Page 612 and 613:
576 List of cited authors Author Bo
Page 614 and 615:
578 List of cited authors Author Co
Page 616 and 617:
580 List of cited authors Author Do
Page 618 and 619:
582 List of cited authors Author Fu
Page 620 and 621:
584 List of cited authors Author Gr
Page 622 and 623:
586 List of cited authors Author Ho
Page 624 and 625:
588 List of cited authors Author Ka
Page 626 and 627:
590 List of cited authors Author Ko
Page 628 and 629:
592 List of cited authors Author Ma
Page 630 and 631:
594 List of cited authors Author Mo
Page 632 and 633:
596 List of cited authors Author O
Page 634 and 635:
598 List of cited authors Author Ph
Page 636 and 637:
600 List of cited authors Author Re
Page 638 and 639:
602 List of cited authors Author Sc
Page 640 and 641:
604 List of cited authors Author St
Page 642 and 643:
606 List of cited authors Author Va
Page 644 and 645:
608 List of cited authors Author Wi
show all

Chemical Thermodynamics of Tin - Volume 12 - OECD Nuclear ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?