Chemical Thermodynamics of Tin - Volume 12 - OECD Nuclear ...

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384 A Discussion of selected references The compound Sn 21 Cl 16 (OH) 14 O 6 is structurally identical with crystals investigated by [1963DON/MOS], although the composition of the latter was found to be Sn 4 Cl 2 (OH) 6 . Von Schnering et al. could not explain this fact. [1982MAC] This paper describes the composition of and the minerals identified in ‘copper’ concretions found on shipwrecks off the Western Australian Coast. Since the copper, brass and bronze artefacts examined have been in a marine environment for periods of up to 350 years they provide valuable information on the long-term stability of these metals to corrosion. Concretions formed on bronzes have tin present in the concretions mainly as the tin(IV) oxide, SnO 2 , cassiterite with tin(II) oxide sulfate (Sn 3 O 2 SO 4 ) as a minor phase. [1983BER/STE] Berezovskii et al. [1983BER/STE] measured the heat capacity of tin tetrabromide at 112 points in the temperature range 6.66 to 336.2 K in a vacuum adiabatic calorimeter with a nickel bulb [1978BER/PAU], and calculated entropy, enthalpy and Planck function of tin tetrabromide phases α-SnBr 4 , (monoclinic to 287 K), β-SnBr 4 and SnBr 4 (liquid) The average deviation of the experimental heat capacities from the smoothed curve was 0.2% below 20 K, 0.05% in the range 20 to 285 K, and 0.1% for the liquid phase (306 to 336 K). For the β-phase (the region of existence of β-SnBr 4 , is 287 to 302 K), three series of experimental points were obtained in the range from 290.9 to 301.9 K (see Table A-49) with relative errors up to 1%. The C p data for the β-phase showed above 296 K a “prefusional” increase and the smoothed values selected by the authors are somewhat ambiguous, see Figure A-45. The influence of this discrepancy on o o o the calculated thermodynamic quantities S m (SnBr 4 , β, 298.15 K), H (T) − H (0) and o Φ (T) is negligible when all other experimental errors are taken into account. In addition to C p data listed in Table A-49 Bereszovkii et al. determined thermodynamic quantities for the polymorphic phase transition and fusion of SnBr 4 , see Table A-50. CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN, ISBN 978-92-64-99206-1, © OECD 2012
A Discussion of selected references 385 T/K Table A-49: Heat capacity measurements form SnBr 4 (cr) from [1983BER/STE]. ο C p,m T/K (SnBr 4 , cr, T )/ –1 J·mol –1·K ο C p,m T/K (SnBr 4 , cr, T )/ –1 J·mol –1·K ο C p,m T/K (SnBr 4 , cr, T )/ –1 J·mol –1·K α-phase 38.98 64.63 172.99 117.6 β-phase 40.92 66.64 176.52 118.1 Series I ο C p,m (SnBr 4 , cr, T )/ –1 J·mol –1·K 6.66 3.325 45.40 70.80 180.55 118.8 291.40 133.1 7.05 3.975 47.28 72.36 185.08 119.5 293.73 134.4 7.58 4.742 51.86 75.95 190.07 120.03 294.40 134.5 7.95 5.593 54.24 77.66 195.17 121.0 296.06 134.1 8.60 6.493 56.70 79.30 200.21 121.7 297.98 136.5 8.34 6.948 59.74 81.16 205.21 122.4 Series II 9.70 8.616 63.10 83.13 210.19 123.0 295.78 132.3 9.72 8.691 66.85 85.21 215.21 123.6 297.29 133.2 10.68 10.78 70.67 87.17 220.18 124.2 298.76 136.2 11.64 13.10 74.28 89.00 225.10 124.8 300.26 137.7 12.62 15.61 77.96 90.76 230.91 125.5 301.36 142.0 13.62 18.40 81.22 92.47 235.28 126.0 301.90 227.4* 14.68 21.45 84.14 93.62 240.28 126.5 Series III 15.73 24.012 86.33 94.55 245.57 127.1 290.79 132.0 16.91 26.80 91.06 97.80 250.48 127.7 292.09 132.9 17.94 29.21 99.35 99.80 251.83 127.8 293.61 133.1 18.89 31.36 104.88 101.6 251.56 128.2 296.12 132.9 19.87 33.67 109.76 103.3 259.01 128.6 296.63 133.5 21.02 36.21 114.22 104.4 263.58 129.3 298.11 135.6 22.34 39.01 119.24 105.9 268.11 129.7 Liquid phase 25.52 45.22 128.30 108.6 272.62 130.2 26.86 47.71 131.63 109.2 275.53 130.1 306.93 163.4 28.27 50.08 140.69 111.3 283.45 131.0 311.32 163.3 28.74 50.87 150.09 113.3 285.72 130.9 314.92 162.9 29.89 52.80 154.36 114.1 319.87 162.6 30.39 53.50 158.94 115.1 325.20 162.3 33.53 58.03 163.44 116.0 330.50 162.0 35.23 60.28 168.25 116.9 336.18 161.8 * This point is an outlier and was not taken into account for the fitting of the heat capacity data. CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN, ISBN 978-92-64-99206-1, © OECD 2012
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CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN Hein
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CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS Vol. 1. Che
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vi Preface of the successive drafts
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viii Acknowledgements for peer revi
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x How to contact the NEA TDB Projec
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xii Contents III Selected tin data
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xiv Contents VIII.3 Aqueous halide
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xvi Contents B.1.3.2 Estimations ba
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xviii List of figures Figure VII-12
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xx List of figures Figure IX-3: Hea
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xxii List of figures Figure A-35: S
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List of tables Table II-1: Abbrevia
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List of tables xxvii Table VIII-1:
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List of tables xxix Table IX-4: Tab
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List of tables xxxi Table A-21: Sta
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List of tables xxxiii Table A-64: T
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Part 1 Introductory material
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4 I Introduction and Ti. In 1976, t
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6 I Introduction The present review
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8 I Introduction subjective choice
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10 II Standards, conventions and co
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30 II.3 II Standards, conventions a
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Part 2 Tables of selected data
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44 III Selected tin data Table III-
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50 III Selected tin data Species Re
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Chapter IV Selected auxiliary data
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IV Selected auxiliary data 57 Table
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IV Selected auxiliary data 75 Speci
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IV Selected auxiliary data 77 Speci
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Part 3 Discussion of data selection
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82 V Elemental tin transition, call
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84 V Elemental tin ο Table V-3: Co
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86 V Elemental tin Table V-6: Param
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Chapter VI VI Simple tin aqua ionsE
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VI.2 Sn 2+ 91 at 24.5 °C in aqueou
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VI.2 Sn 2+ 93 Reference Table VI-1:
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VI.2 Sn 2+ 95 As only three data pa
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VI.2 Sn 2+ 97 Figures A-37 to A-40.
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VI.3 Sn 4+ 99 Sn 4+ + H 2 (g) Sn 2
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VI.3 Sn 4+ 101 (NH 4 ) 2 SnCl 6 see
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VI.3 Sn 4+ 103 Sn 4+ + H 2 (g) Sn
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VI.3 Sn 4+ 105 Figure VI-3: Modifie
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108 VII Tin oxygen and hydrogen com
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138 VIII Group 17 (halogen) compoun
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Chapter IX IX Group 16 compounds an
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IX.1 Sulfur compounds and complexes
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232 X Group 15 compounds and comple
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Chapter XI XI Group 14 compounds an
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XI-1 Aqueous tin thiocyanato comple
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Appendix A Discussion of selected r
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A Discussion of selected references
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Page 369 and 370: A Discussion of selected references
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B Appendix B Ionic strength correct
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B.1 2BThe specific ion interaction
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B.3 4BTables of ion interaction coe
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484 C Assigned uncertainties The mi
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486 C Assigned uncertainties discus
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488 C Assigned uncertainties In cas
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490 C Assigned uncertainties The un
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492 C Assigned uncertainties In thi
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494 C Assigned uncertainties bit fu
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496 C Assigned uncertainties that t
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498 C Assigned uncertainties Eq. (C
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Bibliography [1813BER] [1831NEU] [1
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Bibliography 503 [1906GOL/ECK] [190
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Bibliography 505 [1924LAN] [1925BRI
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