Chemical Thermodynamics of Tin - Volume 12 - OECD Nuclear ...

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A Discussion of selected references
calculated/estimated value of − (677 ± 10) kJ·mol –1 ) by Gurvich et al.
[1991GUR/VEY].
[2002HUM/BER]
The Nagra/PSI Chemical Thermodynamic database was reviewed and updated to
support performance assessments of the planned Swiss repositories for radioactive
waste. The update from version 05/92 to 01/01 involved major revisions for most of the
actinides and fission products. Altogether, >70% of the database contents have been
revised. Data for U, Np, Pu, Am and Tc recommended by the NEA TDB project were
considered in the update. Thermodynamic data for Th, Sn, Eu, Pd, Al, and solubility
and metal complexation of sulfides and silicates were extensively reviewed. Data for Zr,
Ni and Se were examined less rigorously as these elements were being reviewed in
phase II of the NEA TDB project. The experiences from this 2 years team effort can be
summarised as follows. Detailed in house reviews and critical appraisal of NEA
recommendations greatly improved the chemical consistency and quality of the selected
data. However, the authors could discern major gaps in the data, especially missing
carbonate complexes. In some systems, e.g. Th(IV)-H 2 O and U(IV)-H 2 O, experimental
data could not be described by a unique set of thermodynamic constants. There, a
pragmatic approach based on solubility data was chosen for application to performance
assessment.
[2003CAH/DAV]
Thermodynamic and phase diagram data relative to the O-Sn system have been
assessed. The existence, the type and the temperature of invariant equilibria Melt1(l)
Melt2(l) + SnO 2 (s) and Sn 3 O 4 (s) 2 SnO(s) + SnO 2 (s) have been the subject of DSC
and XRD experiments. The adjustable parameters of the modelling are obtained by the
CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) method fitted thanks to diagram and
thermodynamic data through Thermo-Calc TM software. In particular, the liquid phase is
described by the way of Hillert's partially ionic liquid model. The final result is in good
agreement with all of the experimental data available. Activities of tin and oxygen
versus composition at different high temperatures can be calculated.
[2003DUN/CRA]
Pewter plates and implements have been recovered and examined from what is believed
to be the wreck site of Queen Anne’s Revenge, flagship of the pirate Blackbeard, that
sank near Beaufort, North Carolina in 1718. All of the pewter artefacts from the site
display a surface veneer of corrosion products. Mineralogical examination of the pewter
samples revealed that the corrosion products are composed of romarchite (SnO),
hydroromarchite (Sn 3 O 2 (OH) 2 ), and abhurite (Sn 21 Cl 16 (OH) 14 O 6 ).
CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN, ISBN 978-92-64-99206-1, © OECD 2012