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included the problems of medicine, the description of medicinal herbs and drug preparations. This work is regarded as an encyclopedia of the ancient medical knowledge. During Renaissance the fundamentals of medical and biological terminology were formed. Soon this terminology became international. In XVII-XVIII centuries there were a lot of botanical terms derived from Greek and Latin words. It was necessary to find new methods of classifying different kinds of plants. The Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) introduced binominal nomenclature, according to which each plant (and animal) had two names: generic and specific. A generic name is a noun in Nom. and a specific name is usually an adjective or (seldom) a noun. Depending on how a specific name is expressed there are five patterns of binominal names: 1. A noun in Nom. + a noun in Nom.: Artemisia absinthium (common wormwood). 2. A noun in Nom. + a noun in Gen.: Primula veris (primrose). 3. A noun in Nom. + a noun that cannot be declined: Theobroma cacao (cocoa-tree). 4. A noun in Nom. + a noun with an attribute: Arctostaphylos uva – ursi (bear berry). 5. A noun in Nom. + an adjective: Crataegus oxyacantha (hawthorn). In the nomenclature of drug preparations the plants usually have only one name: generic or specific. If the botanical name corresponds to the first, third or fourth pattern, the name of medicinal substance (that is the pharmaceutical name of the plant) is as a rule a specific name. If the botanical name corresponds to the second or the fifth pattern, the name of medicinal substance is a generic name. E. g.: Pattern Botanical name Pharmaceutical name Pattern 1 Atropa belladonna Belladonna (deadly nightshade) 5
Pattern 3 Pattern 4 Pattern 2 Pattern5 Theobroma cacao Dryopteris filix-mas Primula veris Hypericum perforatum Cacao (cocoa-tree) Filix mas (male fern) Primula (primrose) Hypericum (Saint-John’s-wort) g.: However, sometimes botanical and pharmaceutical names are the same. E. Botanical name Pharmaceutical name Meaning Adonis vernalis Anisum vulgare Helichrysum arenarium Ledum palustre Polygonum hydropiper Rhamnus cathartica Rubus idaeus Viola tricolor Adonis vernalis Anisum vulgare Helichrysum arenarium Ledum palustre Polygonum hydropiper Rhamnus cathartica Rubus idaeus Viola tricolor pheasant’s eye anise everlasting Labrador-tea water pepper purging buckthorn raspberry violet Some pharmaceutical names are completely different from the botanical names of plants. However, they are very few. Botanical name Pharmaceutical name English name Brassica nigra Cassia acutifolia (Cassia angustifolia) Sinapis Senna Black mustard Senna 6
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Ministry of Health of Ukraine The h
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and sounds, diphthongs and monophth
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2. Latin has become the language of
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The pronunciation of consonants and
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pyr my(o) myk glyk -ylcycl - points
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3. Caries, acidum, bacca, cor, corn
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Term Definition Stress Penult Antep
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The penult is short: b) if a vowel
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the description of declensions, the
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Graph № 1 The structure of anatom
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Graph № 5 Finding of the stem of
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4.1. The list of basic terms, param
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The feminine adjectives (-a) are de
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dens cariosus - carious tooth 3) re
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8. Cutis sicca h) interosseal edge
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The actuality of the topic: Each an
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The adjective agreed with the noun
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tunica mucosa vesicae felleae - a m
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stem, ending), to be able to determ
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1. Decline: a) costa vera (true rib
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Abl. -is male persons) Graph № 2
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+ ending ab-ductor fove-ola inter-
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aqua cellula femĭna forma glandǔl
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a) sinister, tra, trum - scapula, a
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4. The tasks for independent work d
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except in the dative and the ablati
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Neuter gender cavum, i n - cavity;
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ectum, i n venenum, i n proct- toxi
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1) diameter transverses; 2) brachiu
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The actuality of the topic: The con
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4) palatum osseum 5) fossa incisiva
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joint compound processus, us m proc
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fibrous rings mucous membrane lymph
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10). Xerorhinia j) Slow movement 11
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The actuality of the topic: The lis
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Term Alphabet Diphthong Phoneme Pho
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2. Translate the terms from Latin i
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organon, i n Task № 2. Translate
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1) ophtalmoscopia, 2) hystologia, 3
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The actuality of the topic: In the
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4.2. The theoretical questions to t
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The case endings of the vowel type
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Test № 3. Fill in the table. Case
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The agreement of the 1 st group adj
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1) margo, inis . . .; 2) os, ossis
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4.1. The list of basic terms, param
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-es (imparisyllabic) -ĕtis -edis p
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Task № 2. Translate into Latin, l
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3. Basic knowledge, skills, habits,
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1) The ulcer of the duodenum and st
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Latin word Greek stem Meaning abdom
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neutrum. a) masculinum; b) femininu
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3. Basic knowledge, skills, habits,
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4. Analyse the terms, translate the
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The neuter gender pancreas, ătis n
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Task № 1. Form Gen. sing. and det
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Literature Basic. Demchenko O., Zak
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The actuality of the topic: The ter
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2. Translate the terms into Latin:
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Dat. Acc. Abl. vasi vas vase vasis
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Singularis Nom. different Gen. -is
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E. g. Positivus Stem Comparativus l
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Page 152 and 153: Ministry of Health of Ukraine The h
Page 154 and 155: 4.1. The list of basic terms, param
Page 156 and 157: Nom. -us -ua Gen. -uum -uum Dat. -i
Page 158 and 159: Dat. faciei diei faciebus diebus Ac
Page 160 and 161: Variants of the answers: a) Nom.sin
Page 164 and 165: 8. To know how to agree adjectives
Page 166 and 167: The agreed attribute so on. The var
Page 168 and 169: Task 4 (2 points). The declension o
Page 170 and 171: 1) ovalis; 2) simplex; 3) sinistrum
Page 172 and 173: The actuality of the topic: The ver
Page 174 and 175: 4. In what forms are Latin verbs wr
Page 176 and 177: N. B. To find the present stem, it
Page 178 and 179: Signare I Signa (mark) (to mark) Si
Page 184 and 185: 1. The names of the acids with high
Page 186 and 187: Test № 1. The names of acids with
Page 192 and 193: 3. alg- algos (Greek), -pain anaest
Page 194 and 195: 17. suffixes nitrogen the presence
Page 196 and 197: Demchenko O., Zakaliuzhnyi M. The L
Page 198 and 199: The actuality of the topic: Medicin
Page 202 and 203: Sometimes the same plant can have t
Page 206 and 207: 1) Recipe: Sulfuris depurati 2,0 Gl
Page 208 and 209: a) the names of plants’ parts (ro
Page 210 and 211: c) solutiones Iodi spirituosae; c)
Page 212 and 213: The actuality of the topic: Medicin
Page 214 and 215: 4.3. The practical works (tasks) wh
Page 216 and 217: Medications used for injections (fo
Page 218 and 219: Of salicylic acid 5,0 Of turpentine
Page 220 and 221: Literature Basic. Demchenko O., Zak
Page 222 and 223: The actuality of the topic: The med
Page 224 and 225: Write every word in the vocabulary
Page 226 and 227: According to the way of administrat
Page 228 and 229: A lot of drug preparations are admi
Page 230 and 231: Besides the precipitated calcium ca
Page 232 and 233: Test № 1. The maximum mass of the
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Page 236 and 237: 3. Rp.: Acidi salicylici 1,0 Hydrar
Page 238 and 239: thicker and stiffer, that penetrate
Page 240 and 241: utter. Тhе patient should insert
Page 244 and 245: Drop Tincture Extract Infusion Deco
Page 246 and 247: Da. Signa: one tablespoon 2 times a
Page 248 and 249: Dental drops are usually officinal
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Mixture is a liquid medicinal form
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Misce, fiat linimentun Da. Signa: b
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āā ac, acid. amp. aq. aq. destill
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3. Take: Of camphor oil 20 % 1 ml G
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Demchenko O., Zakaliuzhnyi M. The L
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The actuality of the topic: The bet
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It has turned out historically that
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7) articulatio g) dacry- 8) manus h
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The actuality of the topic: The wor
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12. Impressiones digitatae. 13. Tra
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concorcocontradedidise-, exextra- a
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trans- 2) next, above in rank throu
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e) supra- Literature Basic. Demchen
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The actuality of the topic: The wor
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9. Tractus mesencephalicus nerve tr
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dia- dys- ec-, ecto- through, apart
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pro- syn-, sym- a) beside, near b)
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Ω ω omega o (long) In the Old Gre
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Pharmaceutical terms Anaesthesinum;
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Clinical term Affixation Word combi
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dermatologia (derma, atis - skin; l
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Test № 2. Find the Latin term cor
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Suffix A word-forming morpheme, a p
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Latin noun Stem of the Greek noun E
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organ: Choose the term in which the
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Write down and memorize the vocabul
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Basic. Demchenko O., Zakaliuzhnyi M
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The actuality of the topic: The lis
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prefix: Task 6 (1 marks). The names
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) gall-bladder; c) calix and bladde
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Literature Basic. Demchenko O., Zak
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