Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 4: POLICY TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS Public recognition and awards Public recognition and awards are an effective instrument for building awareness of the concept of CP and promoting its practical implementation. There are a variety of awards in existence that recognize demonstrated accomplishments by industry in incorporating sound environmental practices, concepts and knowledge into planning and operating procedures. Some are specifically related to Cleaner Production (e.g. National CP Recognition for Industry in Nicaragua), while other schemes reward a proactive environmental approach. In addition to the award schemes used in industry (not to be confused with a formal Environment Management System or product-labelling certification scheme), there are programmes that recognize individuals (e.g. policy makers or opinion leaders) and municipal governments. EXAMPLE PROPER Indonesia The Programme for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER) initiative was launched in Indonesia in June 1995 by the Environmental Impact and Management Agency. The environmental performance of individual industrial enterprises is evaluated and rated by the agency using a fivecolour rating system. The highest-level category is reserved for those firms that, in addition to having performance beyond legal compliance, have implemented Cleaner Production practices and advanced environmental management systems. The results of the programme are publicly reported through the press and on the Internet, and those firms whose performance voluntarily exceeds regulatory standards are rewarded. The rationale is that the high-profile disclosure of the environmental ratings will be a powerful incentive for industries to improve their performance. Product labelling Product labelling refers to the process by which an independent, third-party entity verifies that a product has been produced and processed according to a specific set of standards. Environmental labels assist consumers to make responsible product choices, by informing them of the environmental impacts of products and providing a standardized means of comparing products. Eco-labels aim to provide information to consumers about the environmental impacts of the product or service carrying the label. This allows consumers to express their environmental preferences through their choice of products. There are three broad types of eco-labels: 1. Comprehensive labelling schemes attempt to evaluate the total environmental impact of a product or service against a set of comprehensive pre-established criteria (e.g. Eco-label of the EU, Blue Angel in Germany); 2. Specific labelling schemes take one part of a product’s life cycle and evaluate it against specific criteria (e.g. water efficiency or energy efficiency ratings); 3. Product labelling schemes have, to date, generally related to food items, for example, the labelling of organically grown produce. PAGE 106
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 4: POLICY TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS EXAMPLE Eco-label of the European Union The EU eco-labelling programme was launched throughout the European Community in 1992 to encourage the manufacturing of less environmentally damaging products, giving industry an incentive to produce cleaner, greener goods. The programme provides consumers with independent information to assist in the purchasing process, and the eco-label is awarded to products that have a reduced impact on the environment. All EU member States participate in the programme on a voluntary basis only. The ecolabelling programme currently covers the following products: washing machines, soil improvers, tissue paper products, laundry detergents, bed linen and t-shirts, indoor paints and varnishes, dishwashers, refrigerators, double-ended light bulbs, single-ended light bulbs and copying paper. Today, a number of other official and private eco-labelling schemes are in operation all over the world. They include eco-labelling for products not containing ozone-depleting substances in Chile and Uruguay, the ECO-OK label for bananas in Central America and a variety of coffee certification schemes. The nature of, and criteria for, private labelling schemes is often obscure, while official schemes such as the Nordic Green Swan, the EU Flower and the German Blue Angel explicitly demand that the award of the label be based on the life-cycle approach. Eco-labelling can help enterprises adopt Cleaner Production and eco-efficiency by allowing them to choose more environmentally benign products, and to ensure that the inputs to their production processes have not been environmentally damaging to their own production. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has developed standards for eco-labelling. This standard, ISO 14021 will attempt to codify an internationally accepted way of labelling products and services. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ecolabel/ SLIDE: Information-based strategies/2 • Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTR) and public access to environmental information (Sistema Nacional de Información Ambiental in Chile; the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) in the United States; publication of a list of companies not complying with environmental laws in Argentina); • Public environmental reporting (Brazil: voluntary environmental reports of exporter companies); • Information clearing house and technical assistance (state P2 offices in the United States). PRTR and public access to environmental information A unified national reporting system, generally known as a Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, is a national database or catalogue of potentially harmful releases to the air, water and soil as well as wastes transported to treatment and disposal sites. The data for PRTR comes from those industrial sources that are subject to reporting requirements. Facilities are required for regular reporting using a standardized form that serves as the basis for a structured computer database; this in turn makes it possible to aggregate data by chemical, region and industrial sector, and compare company performances. Several countries have launched a system to provide the public with access to information on polluters. PAGE 107
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••• MODULE 1 1 hour INTRODUC
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Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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