Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE SLIDE: Specific steps in policy development/2 • Formulation of a strategy for implementation; • Selection of a mix of policy instruments; • Design of action plan and programmes; • Organization of human and financial resources; • Implementation of strategy and action plan; • Information and education campaigns; • Monitoring of implementation; • Evaluation of policy effectiveness; • Periodic policy adjustment. This slide presents a roadmap for CP policy development and the proposed step-by-step approach is discussed in detail throughout the rest of the module. It is a more detailed version of the four-stage policy development cycle introduced in the first slide of module 3. You may wish to return to the roadmap if a session is long or detailed (e.g. it covers in depth several steps). A visual presentation will help the audience keep in mind the general policy development cycle. It may be a good idea to hand out the flow chart from the first slide in module 3, to help participants follow the different steps. Background Presented in the slide is a generic step-by-step approach, which will help meet the conditions necessary for the successful implementation of CP. The aim is: • To create a common understanding of the Cleaner Production concept; • To incorporate CP within the governmental policy framework; • To integrate the concept of CP into the policies and operations of enterprises; • To develop indicators to measure progress in the implementation of CP policies and the achievement of targets; • To provide education and training at all levels; • To supply information about the technology involved as well as the environmental management tools needed; • To integrate the environmental dimension and CP into education; • To assist key relevant institutions in policy development. While the scheme is generic, and the approach will have to be adjusted in detail to the needs and conditions of each country, the sequence of steps has been proven to be valid by several countries that followed this path. It should be noted that the roadmap omits one step, namely the identification of the need for CP policy development by one actor or institution. This is assumed to be the task of the CP centre. PAGE 52
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE SLIDE: Stakeholder analysis • Describe what is meant by “stakeholder”; • Begin policy work with a stakeholder analysis; • Discuss which institutions and organizations have an interest in CP and the role they can play; • Consider the needs, motivation and interests of stakeholders; • Identify key individuals. It is essential to clarify the term “stakeholder” since the English word does not translate easily into all languages. During the process of analysing stakeholders, in addition to determining who they are, it is important to identify their interests and motivation. Finally, the importance of influential individuals in the policy development process needs to be highlighted. Background As can be seen in the analysis of basic conditions for policy development, no single organization can successfully develop a CP policy on its own. While a CP centre, department of the ministry of environment, or an industrial association could indeed develop and submit a policy paper alone, to create broad-based support, initiate implementation, and be successful and sustainable requires a multi-stakeholder effort. EXAMPLE What is a stakeholder? The term “stakeholder” refers to an organization, institution, group or even an individual who has a vested interest in a certain issue. The “stake” is that the issue has an impact on them—be it a benefit or a loss. Stakeholders do not necessarily have the same goals or positions. They can, for instance, have opposing interests, be active or passive, have a decision power or only be affected by decisions. The term is commonly used interchangeably, albeit somewhat erroneously, with “players” or “actors”; the term “stakeholder” refers to those parties who are affected by an issue, and not only those who are actively involved. The closest term for “stakeholders” in Spanish is “actores involucrados”. CP centres are well placed to bring together various stakeholders in planning Cleaner Production. Such a multi-stakeholder group could include the ministries responsible for the environment, economy and industry, energy and public health; chambers of commerce, industrial associations, universities and research institutions; local governments; consulting and environmental service providers, NGOs and other interested parties. The first step in policy development is stakeholder analysis. The objective is to review the institutional landscape in which the CP Centre or programme has to operate. In other words, the key question is to identify as many institutions and organizations as possible with a potential interest in CP, consider why they are important and what role they can play, and finally, to rank them and select a smaller number of influential, priority ones. This exercise is not only important for policy work but also for the general market position of the CP Centre or programme. This being the first step in the process, the CP Centre may only have a few allies. At this stage, the staff of the CP Centre should all participate in planning, through internal discussions and brainstorming sessions. It is desirable to identify three or four trusted persons from external PAGE 53
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