Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 2: BASICS OF CP POLICY EXAMPLE In the National Environmental Policy of Mexico for the period 1995-2000, it is considered “a priority to support the work of the Mexican Cleaner Production Centre. The MCPC will be financed from international and national sources, and will coordinate the participation and involvement of the environmental authorities, academic community and productive sector in the following areas: 1. Access to the main international sources of information on innovative environmental technologies; 2. Implementation of demonstrative pilot projects on cleaner technologies in selected industrial plants; 3. Promotion of emission and waste audits; 4. Production of technical publications; 5. Training and capacity-building programmes for Cleaner Production practices; 6. Provision of technical assistance; 7. Analysis of barriers and obstacles to the implementation of CP techniques and technologies. El Programa de Medio Ambiente establece “como una prioridad, el apoyo que se brindará al Centro Mexicano de Producción más Limpia (CMP+L). El mismo contará con financiamiento internacional y nacional, y coordinará la participación de las autoridades ambientales, la comunidad académica y el sector productivo, en lo que respecta a: 1. Conexión con los principales sistemas internacionales de información sobre innovación tecnológica ambiental; 2. Organización de programas de demostración de tecnologías más limpias en establecimientos industriales seleccionados; 3. Promoción de auditorías sobre emisiones y residuos industriales; 4. Producción de publicaciones técnicas; 5. Programas de entrenamiento para prácticas de tecnologías limpias; 6. Prestación de asistencia técnica; 7. Inducción de evaluaciones sobre barreras y obstáculos en la instrumentación de técnicas y tecnologías más limpias. A project is the smallest operational component of a programme proposed in an action plan, and it normally focuses on the details of one specific issue. EXAMPLE In the 2001 Draft Proposal for Environmental Policy in Guatemalan Industry, an example of one specific project is the development of a Unified Environmental Permit (UEP) or Licencia Ambiental Única. The UEP is envisaged as a direct regulatory instrument, coordinated by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. Mandatory for industrial enterprises, it is a prerequisite for industrial operation, and being unified or “integrated”, it will also simplify the permitting process for the company. PAGE 34
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 2: BASICS OF CP POLICY SLIDE: Policy development—hierarchy Organization chart showing the basic terms (available in the PowerPoint file only) This slide can be used to reinforce the message about the basic terms in policy development. It may also be used as a visual aid when discussing the examples given above of Latin American policies. SLIDE: The objectives of a CP policy 1. The promotion of CP as a tool to improve competitiveness and efficiency, and to protect the environment; 2. The creation of conditions and incentives that stimulate businesses to implement efficient technologies and apply preventive environmental practices; 3. The optimization of the use of natural resources and raw materials, and the minimization of emissions and their impacts; 4. Reward for good environmental performance and innovative as well as proactive approaches; 5. The minimization of behaviours and practices that lead to the exclusive application of end-of-pipe technologies. This slide illustrates the common objectives that can be included in a national CP policy. Background As shown earlier, CP policies may have a variety of objectives, and the specific details will vary from country to country. There are, however, some factors common to most national CP policies. The first aim is to promote the concept of CP as an economic tool that improves competitiveness and production efficiency while at the same time protecting the environment. In this way, it will have a support base that goes beyond environment-related institutions and organizations. Secondly, there is a need for a framework, with both obligations and incentives, that will stimulate polluters to apply preventive environmental practices and more efficient technologies. One specific suggestion is to design some form of reward to recognize good environmental performance. Experience shows that for purposes of promotion and dissemination, an annual CP award or a round table is a very effective tool. Another objective that features in practically all CP policies is the optimization of the use of natural resources and raw materials, and the minimization of emissions and their impacts. This can take the form of strengthening the environmental regulatory framework, promoting energy efficiency or providing technical assistance to the productive sectors. Lastly, it is common practice to use end-of-pipe pollution controls instead of preventive techniques. This probably stems from the fact that most of today’s technicians and managers were trained and educated at a time when pollution control was considered to be the right answer. Any new CP policy should now address the matter of how to minimize, wherever possible, the use of end-of-pipe measures, replacing them with preventive measures. Activities might include technical assistance programmes, technical education for professionals and financing. PAGE 35
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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY—APPROACH
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