Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 2: BASICS OF CP POLICY Policies can be described as “guidelines and directives for actions and decisions” or “all the things the Government decides to do or not to do” and indeed determine the setting within which an entity exists and operates. Legislation, however, is only one of a number of policy instruments, while the term “policy framework” is broader than “regulations” or “legal framework”. These are policy tools; other policy tools include economic and financial incentives, voluntary standards of conduct, education and information, etc. A detailed discussion of policy instruments is presented in module 4. EXERCISE Before presenting the three preceding slides, the instructor may want to ask participants to define, in their own words, what they understand as policy. Through guided discussion, participants should be able to grasp, and illustrate the fact, that legislation and policy are not synonymous. SLIDE: Policy development: basic terms Policy: a set of principles and directions that guide the decisions and actions of an organization. Objectives: a desired situation or outcome that one wants to achieve. Objectives can be general or specific, the latter defining the necessary components to achieve the general objective. Strategy: an outline of how to achieve identified objectives. It includes broad guidelines (‘basic principles’) to develop an action plan. SLIDE: Policy development: basic terms/2 Action plan: specifies the steps necessary to implement a strategy. An action plan sets out what will be done, who will do it, when, with what resources, and what are the expected results. Programmes: components of an action plan related to specific topics, such as financing, energy efficiency, sectoral initiatives, etc. Projects: smallest operational components of programmes. The above two slides introduce a structure for further discussion of the policy development process. The key objective is to set up a framework for analysis that will allow easy orientation in the policy process. Background There is a good deal of confusion in discussing policy related matters. Terms such as policy statement, national policy plan, implementation strategy and environmental action plan are often used randomly. Although there are several possible frameworks, the one proposed here has a structured character, where each term is related to the one “above” and “below”. It will facilitate further work by creating a common reference for all seminar participants. Policy can be expressed as a short statement or declaration that presents the issues considered a priority by the policy maker (e.g. Government). PAGE 30
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 2: BASICS OF CP POLICY EXAMPLE In the 1997 Chilean policy for the promotion of Cleaner Production, it is stated: “Sustainable development is a fundamental strategic direction of the Government, and it has the importance of a State policy. It is based on a systematic approach that integrates three key values: firstly, a sustainable and speedy socio-economic development over a long-time horizon; secondly, protection and improvement of the state of the environment and the quality of life for the present and future generations; and thirdly, progress towards a society characterized by higher welfare, equity, democracy and public participation.” “El desarrollo sustentable es una orientación estratégica fundamental del Gobierno de la Concertación Democrática, que tiene alcance de política de Estado. Se basa en un enfoque sistémico que integra tres criterios centrales: primero, un desarrollo económico-social de alto ritmo y sostenible en el largo plazo; segundo, la preservación y mejora del medio ambiente y de la calidad de vida para las generaciones presentes y futuras; tercero, el progreso hacia una sociedad con más bienestar social, equidad, democracia y participación ciudadana.” EXAMPLE In the 2001 draft of the national CP policy of Nicaragua, it is stated: “The Government of the Republic puts into place the National Policy for Cleaner Production in Nicaragua with the aim of contributing to the well-being and integral development of the citizens, making use of natural resources in a sustainable fashion, through the implementation of Cleaner Production in the institutional, economic and social aspects of the country.” El gobierno de la Republica establece la Política de Producción Más Limpia de Nicaragua con el propósito de : “Contribuir al bienestar y al desarrollo integral del ser humano haciendo uso de manera sostenible los Recursos Naturales, a través de la implementación de la Producción Más Limpia, orientada al accionar institucional, económico y social de nuestro país”. Objectives can be defined as the aim to be achieved, either a desired situation or outcome. Objectives can be general or specific. EXAMPLE The 1997 Colombian national policy on Cleaner Production identifies the general objective as: “... To efficiently prevent and minimize the impacts and threats to human health and the environment, ensuring environmental protection, economic growth, social welfare, and competitiveness of enterprises, through the introduction of an environmental dimension in the productive sectors as a long-term challenge.” “... Prevenir y minimizar eficientemente los impactos y riesgos a los seres humanos y al medio ambiente, garantizando la protección ambiental, el crecimiento económico, el bienestar social y la competitividad empresarial, a partir de introducir la dimensión ambiental en los sectores productivos, como un desafio de largo plazo.” PAGE 31
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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY—APPROACH
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Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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