Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 1: INTRODUCING CP SLIDE: Why is CP beneficial for industry? • Cost savings through reduced wastage both of energy and materials • Improved operating efficiency of the plant • Better product quality and consistency • Recovery of some wasted materials • Possibility to improve the working environment (health and safety) • Improvement of the enterprise’s image • Better compliance with environmental regulations • Cost savings on end-of-pipe waste treatment • New and improved market opportunities The key point to make is that there are a variety of economic reasons why it is profitable for a company to apply CP. Some involve direct savings, while others are less tangible, such as an improved image or new market opportunities. Background Cost savings are one of the most important direct economic benefits from implementing a CP project. Lower water consumption, higher energy efficiency or a reduced need for input materials result in lower operating expenses. The improved efficiency of the plant’s operation, through the implementation of both technical and management measures, is another benefit. This may in turn lead to lower labour requirements to maintain production. Finally, as has already been mentioned, while CP does not necessarily eliminate the need for end-of-pipe treatment, it may result in significant savings in the construction and operating cost of pollution control equipment. The three factors mentioned above lend themselves well to good housekeeping measures that normally involve little or no investment. Better product quality and consistency mean that fewer final goods are rejected for quality reasons. Rejects at the final stage of production are very expensive since resources, time and labour have been wasted producing something that cannot be sold, or can only be sold as an inferior quality item at a low price. Since there is no foolproof quality check before goods are shipped to a client, improved quality and consistency lowers the probability of a faulty product being delivered, an eventuality that tends to strain the client-supplier relationship. The recovery of wasted materials can be a crucial economic factor in some industries, where input materials are expensive. In jewellery producing workshops, for example, there is less than 1 per cent of gold wastage (process waste), not because jewellers are especially environmentally conscious, but because the input material is so expensive. In terms of the more common industries, metal plating shops, for example, can recover a significant percentage of the chemicals used in process baths, thereby saving substantial amounts of money. A better general management of operations can have a positive effect on the working environment, and on health and safety. Lower absenteeism and the avoidance of potential liabilities from employees’ claims are obvious benefits, albeit difficult to estimate accurately. The reduced risk of uncontrolled releases and industrial disasters can help prevent environmental (and financial) damage and help to avoid the related bad publicity. In countries where environmental consciousness is high, there may exist the additional advantages of good publicity and promotion of the “green image” of a company. This can in turn lead to new market opportunities, since some clients now require their supplier chain to demonstrate a proactive environmental stance, e.g. through ISO 14001 certifications. PAGE 18
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 1: INTRODUCING CP Finally, in some companies CP projects are initiated to improve the level of compliance with environmental regulations, either as a result of direct regulatory pressure from the authorities, or in the search for a more cost-effective way to meet legal requirements than that offered by end-of-pipe measures. SLIDE: Other related concepts • Eco-efficiency • Waste minimization • Pollution prevention • Green productivity Cleaner Production = pollution prevention = waste minimization = ecoefficiency For businesses, these concepts mean practically the same thing. SLIDE: Other related concepts/2 What all those concepts have in common is an attempt to maintain the same level of output using less inputs (e.g. water, energy, raw materials), thereby improving efficiency and reducing pollution. The underlying principles are innovation and prevention of pollution in the first place, rather than controlling the emissions with end-of-pipe measures once the “necessary” contamination has been generated. The idea is to present the most common terms related to Cleaner Production and preventive environmental management. It should be clarified that the term “Cleaner Production” is used in its broadest sense, that includes various other related concepts. While they do differ slightly, it is worth stressing for practical purposes, especially when dealing with the industrial entrepreneur, that the concepts mean practically the same. Background The terms eco-efficiency, pollution prevention, source reduction and waste minimization, and green productivity are often used synonymously with Cleaner Production. Cleaner production is a strategy for the continuous improvement of products, services and processes in order to reduce pollution and waste at source, which can also result in financial benefits. Eco-efficiency: The term “eco-efficiency” was coined by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development in 1992, and is defined as the delivery of competitively priced goods and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality of life, while progressively reducing ecological impacts and resource intensity throughout the life cycle, to a level at least in line with the Earth’s estimated carrying capacity. Eco-efficiency is a combination of economic and ecological efficiency, and is basically about doing more with less. Eco-efficiency means producing more goods and services with less energy and fewer natural resources. Eco-efficient businesses get greater value out of their raw materials as well as producing less waste and less pollution. PAGE 19
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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY—APPROACH
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Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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