Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 1: INTRODUCING CP SLIDE: CP policy progress in Latin America/2 4. The main focus of environmental regulations tends to be on the ‘green’ agenda. Industrial and urban pollution still need attention [interventions]; 5. The environmental regulatory framework is weak and the level of enforcement low; 6. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) predominate in industry in most countries; 7. ISO standards and certificates are becoming more widespread. These two slides present the current stage of national CP policy development in Latin America. There are two key messages: (a) progress in policy development has been uneven, with some countries well advanced while others have still to initiate a policy dialogue on CP; and (b) there are a number of factors that hamper CP policy development. Background Progress in the development of CP policy has not been uniform across the region. Some countries have already included CP into national policies. Chile and Colombia have introduced national laws on CP; Mexico’s national CP policy dialogue is at an advanced stage and in Brazil regional policies on CP are being developed. Nicaragua tabled a draft national CP policy in December 2001. In many countries, however, Cleaner Production, despite its obvious economic benefits, is still not a priority option among key decision makers from government and industry, and CP promotion has yet to start. There is often a lack of information or awareness among decision makers regarding the potential benefits of CP programmes. Mainstreaming of CP (i.e. incorporating CP considerations into other sectoral policies) is the exception rather than the rule. Leaving CP aside for a moment, it is not unusual to find a weak regulatory and institutional framework for environmental protection that needs to be strengthened or, in some cases, developed. Environmental policies and regulations often focus on the “green agenda”, relating to biodiversity protection and nature conservation, and fail to address in a satisfactory manner issues related to industrial and urban pollution. The poor enforcement of environmental regulations and the relatively low cost of resources (particularly electricity and water) hamper the successful introduction of CP projects. Last but not least, in a majority of countries of Latin America, the structure of industry is characterized by a large proportion of small enterprises, where it is difficult to enforce or regulate compliance. On the positive side, there is growing pressure from the public and the market to improve environmental performance in industry. This is especially common in countries with strong export markets, where ISO 14001 is becoming an accepted tool to demonstrate environmental performance. PAGE 26
••• MODULE 2 1 hour BASICS OF A NATIONAL CLEANER PRODUCTION POLICY: • Basic concepts • Objectives of CP policies • Mainstreaming CP and policy integration ••• OBJECTIVE OF MODULE 2: The objective of module 2 is to establish a frame of reference for CP policy development. It introduces basic concepts related to CP policy, including policy objectives, strategy and action plans. The general objectives of a CP policy, as well as the benefits of a national CP programme are presented. The module also covers the need for integration of CP into other national policies (mainstreaming) and suggests activities that could help a CP Centre increase its visibility as a national policy player. PAGE 27
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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY—APPROACH
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Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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