Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 1: INTRODUCING CP SLIDE: CP—three common misconceptions/2 3. CP does not have to be expensive or involve major changes in technology. The introduction of good housekeeping practices can save an average of 10- 15 per cent in energy and 15-20 per cent in water consumption, with little or no investment required. In this section, it is important to clarify that Cleaner Production does not apply merely to “production” (the term is somewhat misleading), that it is not the same as clean technology (a very common perception), and that it does not necessarily involve major capital costs (used as a common argument to justify not implementing CP). The key points to stress are that CP has been successfully applied in industry and in other sectors, both from the environmental and economic perspective, and that practically any organization can benefit from its implementation. The aim is to convince the audience that CP can be used in practically any setting. This is crucial in order to ensure the continued interest and support of participants once they return to their respective organizations. NOTE: To illustrate the third point, the trainer may wish to present two or three good examples of significant environmental benefits brought about by CP to a company in his/her own country. Background The term “Cleaner Production” can be somewhat unclear to the audience, especially when translated into other languages. Intuitively, for many people, it implies “cleaning up”, or pollution control rather than prevention. Furthermore, the word “production” suggests that the approach can only be applied to production processes of industry. While CP and the prevention of pollution indeed began in industrial applications, it is important to reinforce the message [delivered while presenting the definition of CP, namely] that CP applies to both production AND processes and services. In recent years, the service sector has seen an impressive number of successful CP projects especially in areas such as tourism and hotel management, hospital and municipal management. Another common misconception is that Cleaner Production means the same as clean technologies. There are three dangers in this: CP is labelled as a “technical fix”. It suggests new and modern pollution controls and is automatically perceived as something that requires significant amounts of capital. It is important to repeat the message that CP is as much about change in attitudes and management practices, and the application of available know-how, as it is about improving or modifying technologies. Participants should realize that technology upgrades may indeed be a part of a CP project, but not in all instances. Good housekeeping, energy efficiency, input substitution, to name a few, can be used instead. Participants must also be aware that clean technologies mean technologies that are more efficient and less polluting, rather than simply new and more advanced end-of-pipe filters or treatment equipment. Last, but not least, it must be stated that some end-of-pipe treatment may still be necessary, as it is not feasible to eliminate completely the production of wastes, but the scale and the cost of end-of-pipe equipment will be much lower. The investment required is often put forward as an argument against CP (“We cannot afford a CP project right now”). This is, in fact, the main reason for industries to reject a CP offer and possibly results from a lack of understanding of what CP is all about. It is therefore imperative to convince the audience that CP does not have to be expensive, or involve major technological changes. Merely by implementing good housekeeping measures and making simple changes to operating procedures (“low-hanging fruit”), enterprises can save a substantial amount of money and improve their PAGE 22
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 1: INTRODUCING CP environmental performance. Experience of CP in Latin America demonstrates that average savings of 10-15 per cent in energy and 15-20 per cent in water consumption can be achieved with little or no investment. Concrete examples of the benefits from good housekeeping and “low-hanging fruit” in the trainer’s own country provide a good response to those who claim they cannot introduce CP because of lack of funds. http://www.unepie.org/pc/cp/home.htm SLIDE: Global network of UNIDO/UNEP National Cleaner Production Centres World map showing the network of UNIDO/UNEP CP Centres (available in the PowerPoint file only) This slide is intended to show that each CP Centre is a part of an established and sound global network of CP professionals. The key message to convey is that the experience in CP implementation has been drawn from thousands of projects, implemented over the last decade in a variety of countries all over the world. UNIDO and UNEP continue to provide the necessary technical and organizational assistance, and at any given moment there is a pool of professionals backed by global experience, available for consultation. Background To promote the application of Cleaner Production in industrial enterprises as well as the incorporation of the concept in the national environmental legislation of developing countries, UNIDO and UNEP together set up the National Cleaner Production Centres (NCPCs) Programme. During the first phase, which started in 1994, the programme established 10 NCPCs in Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Hungary, India, Mexico, Slovakia, Tunisia, United Republic of Tanzania and Zimbabwe. In response to requests from developing countries, and given the progress achieved by the programme, UNIDO and UNEP have, over recent years, added new NCPCs to the programme in the following countries: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, Nicaragua and Viet Nam. In 2001, new CP Centres were inaugurated in Cuba, Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka and Uganda. http://www.unido.org/doc/331390.htmls SLIDE: Existing CP Centres in Latin America Map of the Americas showing existing CP Centres (available in PowerPoint only) http://www.pml-redlatina.net/ This slide demonstrates that implementation of CP in Latin America is well under way. The key message to convey is that over the last seven years, the concept has taken root in the region, resulting in twelve national institutions and a variety of individual, stand-alone projects in many other countries. It is worth noting that several countries—Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Nicaragua for example—have achieved notable success in including CP in their policy agenda. PAGE 23
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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY—APPROACH
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