Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE STAGE 1: Analyse the existing situation and ensuring support As a first step in the development of a policy, the issue or problem that requires policy intervention should be identified. This is usually done by a single institution or organization (or by private citizens), for whom a specific issue is important. The originator usually carries out an initial analysis of the current situation to take stock of what has already been done and who are the stakeholders. It is, of course, crucial that the importance of the issue be recognized by policy-makers, since only then will it be placed on the agenda. Once this is achieved, the policy development process can begin. This often involves setting up a special high-level political coordination mechanism to formalize and coordinate efforts. The rationale for the establishment of a steering committee is to ensure political support and access to decision makers. STAGE 2: Setting priorities and objectives The next stage is the formation of a technical CP policy development body. Unlike the steering committee, the technical policy development body should be drawn from a broader inter-institutional and multi-stakeholder group and should include technical experts who are not necessarily high-level political decision makers. The role of the technical policy group is to analyse the existing situation, looking for barriers and support factors for CP, before identifying the needs and priorities to be addressed. STAGE 3: Policy development, including strategy, action plan and instruments After the priorities have been agreed, a programme should be developed to address the issue under consideration and come up with a solution. This is known as policy formulation and may take a long time, particularly if the issue is complex or controversial (e.g. involves opposing interest groups). The development of the action plan and the choice of policy instruments can also be time-consuming. After the technical policy group has reached a consensus on the formulation of the policy and action plan, it now has to be endorsed by the steering committee (see stage 1). Sufficient backing has to be obtained, generally within the Government or in a legislative body, to support a specific policy. The steering committee may also choose to open the action plan for consultation with other stakeholders, a process that may involve lobbying and negotiating on the part of legislators and executives as well as affected stakeholders. STAGE 4: Implementation and evaluation The next stage is policy implementation, or carrying out the action plan to meet policy objectives. Implementation must also include a monitoring component in order to assess what is successfully being done and what modifications and changes still have to be made. The final step is policy evaluation and adjustment. This means looking at actions and programmes to see whether goals have been achieved, or to assess a policy’s effectiveness and efficiency. Those elements that have not worked need to be changed, or new issues may have to be addressed. At this stage, the policy development cycle may well begin anew, possibly involving CP mainstreaming and integration with other policies. PROPOSED EXERCISE FOR MODULE 3: NOTE: Unlike other exercises in this <strong>Manual</strong>, the suggestion below is not for a single exercise on one specific step in policy development. Instead, it is a proposed set of exercises that could form the basis of a one-day workshop on policy development. Should this not be the objective of a session, however, individual exercises are provided in the slides throughout module 3. PAGE 48
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE Divide participants into small groups of not more than six persons. Each group should go through the main steps in the policy development cycle. The steps are limited to four in the interests of brevity. Step 1: Analysing the existing situation and ensuring support POSSIBLE INTERACTIVE EXCERCISE: Decide who are the most important stakeholders for CP and how they can be involved in CP. Identify the sectoral policies, barriers and opportunities for CP in your country. (2 hours) Step 2: Setting priorities and objectives POSSIBLE INTERACTIVE EXCERCISE: Identify three priorities for your CP policy, with measurable objectives. (30 minutes) Step 3: Policy development including strategy, action plan and instruments POSSIBLE INTERACTIVE EXCERCISE: Develop an action plan for one selected priority within the CP policy, including two or three specific instruments. (2 hours) Step 4: Implementation and evaluation POSSIBLE INTERACTIVE EXCERCISE: As part of the action plan, discuss how to include new stakeholders into policy development. How would you evaluate effectiveness of the policy? (30 minutes) SLIDE: Policy-making: general observations • There is no one single “right” way of policy-making; • Policy-making is a long-term repetitive process; • Regular evaluation and modification are necessary; • As many incentives as possible should be included. This slide introduces three important characteristics of the policy development process: (a) it is a long-term undertaking, involving substantial negotiation and trial and error; (b) there is a need for built-in flexibility to modify and adjust the approach; and (c) there are no universal solutions: each country has to develop policy in a way that meets its own needs and conditions. Background There is no single correct way to develop CP policy. Every country must develop its own approach reflecting local priorities and objectives, political traditions and specific needs. While certain general principles should be observed, the actual process and details will vary from country to country. First and foremost, CP promotion does not belong to any single government institution. CP is a crosscutting, multisectoral issue that needs to be integrated into various sectoral policies. Relevant activities may include, for instance, industrial development, institutional capacity development, education and promoting policy dialogue. Environmental and relevant non-environmental agencies may need to be strengthened, especially in their CP capacities. PAGE 49
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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY—APPROACH
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