Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE International organizations can provide guidance and expertise on CP and policy development matters. They can also be effective in mobilizing national efforts to develop a CP policy. In this respect, international organizations are important thanks to their access to decision makers, familiarity with other ongoing programmes, and a potential ability to support financially some aspects of the process. Municipalities are an increasingly important group of stakeholders, because local CP programmes can be an effective tool to improve their environmental performance. Some municipalities develop local CP policies, while other have initiated “cleaner region plans” jointly with other stakeholders, including industrial ecology and eco-industrial parks. Labour organizations and trade unions have in some cases shown increased interested in CP, as a result of their own concern for health and safety at the workplace. EXERCISE Divide participants into small groups of five to eight people, preferably from different sectors. Each group should choose a person who will report on its behalf. The groups should be given 15 minutes for discussion and asked to identify on a flipchart the stakeholders in CP policy development. Answers should be as specific as possible (e.g. “Confederation of Commercial Banks and Insurers” rather than simply “Financial sector”). At the same time, it is important to stress that there are no bad ideas and that all suggestions should be written down. During the second half of the exercise, each group should select half a dozen priority stakeholders, whose participation in policy development is crucial. Ask the group to justify why those specific stakeholders were considered important. You may also wish to ask the group to specify who in each priority organization is the individual they consider most appropriate as a contact person. SLIDE: CP awareness-raising among policy makers • Provide a write-up on CP and its benefits for the national economy and environment; • Propose a good starting point to create interest; • Interview key players to present CP and its benefits; • Ask for their willingness to support the concept of CP and to participate in policy development. In this slide, demonstrate that gaining the support of top-level decision makers is a process that requires good preparation, an interesting starting point to draw their attention, and recognition of the needs and interest of the actors. Background The concept of Cleaner Production and of a preventive environmental approach is often misunderstood and CP is confused with waste treatment or other end-of-pipe technologies. Many policy makers consider that companies operating in the environmental industry are so-called Cleaner Production or clean technology companies. This includes providers of waste treatment facilities or pollution control equipment. A positive attitude towards, and improved knowledge of, Cleaner Production are critical for its adoption. CP promotion has to cover a range of related activities, in addition to technical demonstration projects. The goal is to create an understanding of the financial and environmental impacts of inefficient resource use, an awareness of managerial and technical avenues for PAGE 56
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE improvements and a willingness to modify existing methods. Most important among these awarenessraising activities are: • Human resources development of personnel at various levels in the stakeholder groups; • Awareness-raising campaigns, targeting industry, government, financing institutions, academia and NGOs; • Compilation and dissemination of up-to-date information on Cleaner Production practices and technologies in a user-friendly manner, addressing specific local needs. Awareness-raising among senior decision makers differs from the dissemination of general information on CP. Gaining access may be difficult, e.g. scheduling a meeting with the Minister of the Economy or the President of the Republic. Their interest may be limited to issues of direct interest to the institution they represent. The interview with the decision maker may be very brief, and he or she may not have a technical or economic background, or be familiar with environmental issues. For this reason, it is worthwhile to prepare a concise promotional description of CP, its importance and how it can benefit the country in general, and economic competitiveness in particular. The write-up should be brief, substantive and targeted to the needs and interests of the particular player. For instance, if the Government is in the process of drafting an industrial development policy, the competitiveness aspect should be stressed. In dealing with an industrial association, it may be appropriate to emphasize the economic and environmental benefits for members. It is useful to choose a starting point that will stimulate the interest of stakeholders. One very effective approach is for the interviewer to present in monetary terms the nationwide potential for CP application in his or her own country. This may be a good estimate rather than hard science. There may be a specific priority sector on which to focus the effort such as highly polluting sectors, traditional exporting sectors, or sectors otherwise declared as a priority in national policies, and this would be a good place to start. Potential savings for that entire sector should then be calculated, based on the size of industry and on the average savings from individual CP projects in that particular sector. An extrapolation of this kind, using conservative estimates based only on good housekeeping measures, usually results in potential savings of tens of millions of dollars annually. The next stage is an interview with high-level people in the key institutions identified during the stakeholder analysis process. There will be three objectives to this meeting: to learn about their needs and motivations, to increase their awareness of the CP concept and its benefits, and to arouse their interest and gain support. An initial meeting of 30 to 45 minutes could include a short presentation of the benefits of CP, the activities of the specific CP Centre, and the global CP programme. Key players should be offered a well drawn up outline of the benefits of CP for the national economy as well as for their organizations. It is vital that the decision maker recognize the advantage of the preventive approach as an alternative to end-of-pipe pollution control. The next step is to ascertain the needs and concerns of the particular institution and to determine whether the concept of CP is an interesting one. Concrete suggestions that might spark a discussion include: Could a national round table on competitiveness be a good idea? Would the institution participate in this initiative as part of the Steering Committee? Who else might be recommended to be a part? What other recommendations can the institution offer? The experience of the Mexican CPC shows the effectiveness of an open-ended and flexible approach of this kind, even with players at the most senior level. PAGE 57
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