Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE SLIDE: Monitoring of implementation • Built-in feedback mechanisms; • Need for well-designed indicators for monitoring; • Incentives for participants to report progress; • Ability to measure/monitor implementation. Monitoring implementation requires a well functioning policy development group and a built-in feedback mechanism. Specific indicators have to be adequate to meet the needs and objectives of monitoring, but above all it is crucial to ensure that participants have an incentive to report progress and that implementation can indeed be measured and/or monitored. Background The effects and sustainability of a policy are difficult to measure. Efforts are often made by various sectors—education, legislature, for example—results may be slow in the case of Cleaner Production. This is particularly true for activities that are not at the level of industry. In order to be able to measure sustainability, policy in general and its operational components in particular, should include good indicators as well as built-in mechanisms to monitor and evaluate lessons drawn from implementation. This, in turn, requires feedback mechanisms that will help policy makers to collect and analyse information received. Indicators focusing on relevant aspects of the programmes (financial savings, efficiency of resource use, reduction of pollution etc.) at the relevant levels (from the macroeconomic level, to specific industrial sector level, to selected individual facilities) should form the standard elements of a strategy for the adoption of Cleaner Production. Data demonstrating the economic/financial benefits of CP implementation are particularly helpful, but it is important to try to measure environmental impacts as well. As a general rule, indicators that measure implementation should be developed together with policy objectives and the action plan. They could include some of the following: (a) Increase in demand for CP services, e.g., number of CP assessments, number of technical CP service providers; (b) Evaluation of economic and environmental results of CP in selected (target) sectors; (c) Commitment to CP by government, enterprises and other stakeholders; (d) Institutional arrangements to facilitate and support the implementation of CP, including the participation of relevant ministries; (e) Success in dissemination of CP information and awareness-raising; (f) Mechanism to review and adjust policy framework and examine adjustments made as well as the instruments put in place; (g) Information, training and education activities implemented; PAGE 76
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE (h) Certifications following an independent voluntary programme (e.g. CP Certificate, eco-labels, ISO 14001); number of participating enterprises; (i) Existence of a financing framework for CP: financial mechanisms in place and number of projects financed; CP investment projects following implementation of CP programmes; (j) Transparency of CP policy development: number of stakeholders participating, existence of a consultative mechanism; (k) Time necessary to respond to new issues and modify objectives and instruments. It is also imperative that stakeholders should have an incentive to report progress and that the Government concerned have the ability to actually measure implementation. Both characteristics are essential for the schedule and target readjustment mechanism, and monitoring should be an integral part of target setting and revision. SLIDE: Evaluation of policy effectiveness In evaluating policy effectiveness, the following aspects need to be considered: • Environmental effectiveness; • Economic efficiency; • Ease of administration; • Political acceptability. With this slide, show that an evaluation of the effectiveness of policy a needs to focus on four aspects. You may wish to stress that these four aspects should also be considered when designing the action plan and in the choice of policy instruments. Background Many environmental policy instruments have been put in place in recent years, but there is growing concern about the degree of success in their implementation and their effectiveness. Most policy instruments seek to change the behaviour of target groups, leading to an improvement in the state of the environment, or in this specific case, to the widespread adoption of preventive environmental practices. The implementation of CP is not simply the domain of government and industry. CP Centres, business and trade associations, environmental service providers and the education sector are all involved. In practice, a mixture of policy tools is commonly used: environmental legislation directing commandand-control measures, economic instruments, cleaner production processes and voluntary action by the public and business community. In evaluating the effectiveness of CP policy and the related action plan, several questions need to be posed: Environmental effectiveness • To what extent has the implementation of the policy instruments achieved the proposed objectives of CP? PAGE 77
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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY—APPROACH
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Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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