Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE • Can changes be measured in environmental quality, the reduction in the health risk and resource efficiency resulting from the policy? • When did environmental improvements occur? Quickly, within a year, or later in the process? • Have environmental priorities changed since the time the action plan was prepared? Do they need to be updated? Economic efficiency • Do the proposed instruments operate with minimum economic cost to society? • Do they encourage innovative approaches in implementation? Did problems arise through loopholes, imprecise formulation of guidelines, etc.? • Are price signals strong enough for target groups to respond? • What were the domestic impacts of the policy, e.g. on prices, employment, profitability and competitiveness, growth? • Did production efficiency increase? Did implementation stimulate foreign exports and increase international competitiveness? Ease of administration • Were the policy and instruments easy to implement? • Did the work achieve integration of CP in policies related to other sectors? • What was the opinion of industry and enforcement agencies concerning simplicity and flexibility of operation? • What was the effectiveness of instruments in ensuring compliance? • Were costs associated with monitoring, licensing and enforcement low or exceedingly expensive? Political acceptability • Did the policy and the instruments gain political acceptance? Were they supported by the key players? • Did stakeholders actively participate in the development and modification of the policy? • What mechanisms were used to ensure input of the various stakeholders? • Was the development of policy and design of instruments a transparent process? • Do the instruments conform to international agreements? The above considerations should also be taken into account when designing the action plan and choosing policy instruments. PAGE 78
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE SLIDE: Periodic policy adjustment • Build in a mechanism for periodic policy adjustment; • Examine whether policy instruments are working; • Redefine goals and/or schedule as needed; • Take into account the contributions and views of various actors; • Communicate changes to the stakeholders. The key message to convey with this slide is that there must be a flexible mechanism to adjust the strategy and action plan based on its monitoring and evaluation. Should changes take place, it is essential to communicate these changes to the stakeholders. Background If policy implementation is monitored and evaluated on a regular basis, successes and failures should be detected fairly quickly. This not only entails identifying the mechanisms and instruments that work, but also determining whether the original objectives and assumptions were realistic. Mechanisms should, therefore, be built into the policy and the action plan in such a way as to allow modification and adjustment as needed. The strategy will succeed only if progress in meeting the goals is regularly monitored, and the strategy revised where necessary. It is vital to examine whether objectives are being met and if corresponding timelines are realistic; where this is not the case, they should be redefined. It is preferable to adjust goals or timelines and allow the policy process to continue, rather than to let things slip, thereby creating an impression that the process no longer functions. Should there be a need for adjustment, the contributions and viewpoints of various actors should be taken into account. Finally, it is important to communicate any adjustment and changes to the stakeholders. They also require clarification as to why changes were made and how they are likely to be affected. It is especially crucial to notify implementing agencies about changes in policy instruments. SLIDE: Common barriers to CP policy development • Low environmental awareness and regulatory pressure; • Lack of public pressure on industry and government; • Tenuous relationship between the main stakeholders; • Low level of CP awareness among decision makers; • Environmental regulations that do not promote CP and preventive measures. PAGE 79
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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY—APPROACH
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