Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE institutions participating in the development of other national policies, and, together with them, to brainstorm on the correct approach to CP policy development and on stakeholder analysis. Another option is to interview the members of the Centre’s Advisory Council and Executive Board on the issue. It is assumed that the CP Centre is developing policy. Naturally, if the Government decides to develop a policy on its own the Centre should seek active involvement and participation. In any analysis, it is important to ensure that the identified stakeholders are not limited to one ministry or government agency. An identification of stakeholders should take into account why the stakeholders are important, what role they could play and which of their needs and interests could be met through participation in the policy development process. The truth is that no high-level policy player will participate in someone else’s programme unless they see a benefit for their own organization. It is, therefore, crucial to try to consider CP policy development from the stakeholder’s perspective and to appreciate what motivates each stakeholder. The role of key individuals should not be overlooked. It is not the institution that will be participating in CP policy development, but rather Ms. X or Mr. Z from that institution. This means that even the most powerful institution will not effectively support CP policy if a junior officer—with no access to decision makers—is selected to participate in the effort. The policy group will be in a position to claim that the institution has participated in the work, but in practical terms, access to top level decision makers is imperative. SLIDE: Stakeholders and their contributions • National government; • Legislative branch; • Enterprises and plants; • Chambers of industry and sector-specific associations; • Environmental service providers and CP consultants; • Universities and the education sector; • Financial sector; • Non-governmental organizations; • Cleaner Production Centre/CP institutions; • International organizations; • Municipal governments; • Trade and labour unions. Previous slides stressed that a multi-stakeholder approach is important. Using this slide, demonstrate to participants why participation of various stakeholders is important and the valuable contributions that they can all make in the CP policy development process. Background Policy-making has traditionally been a government-dominated field, involving a small and sometimes hermetic group of players. This situation has started to change in the last two decades, especially in fields such as environmental protection, where different interests come into play and the general public has a strong say. CP policy development needs the support, inputs, and participation of different players. The potential role and contribution of the most important ones are discussed below: PAGE 54
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE National government (i.e. central government, as distinct from local authorities) has the capacity to develop legislation and a regulatory framework, and to set goals and establish policies. Government actions can eliminate policy incoherence and provide incentives for CP. A Government can provide targeted assistance to overcome key obstacles, and offer technical assistance or funds for other CPrelated agencies. The latter includes strengthening enforcement authorities, provided there is the political will to enforce environmental regulations. Last but not least, the Government can invite other stakeholders to participate in policy development. The legislative branch, including members of parliament, has a strong influence in determining environmental priorities and the general direction of policies. Any fundamental changes to, and updating of, a regulatory framework will require the support of the legislative branch. Lastly, through their network of contacts and alliances, legislators can be a good avenue to gather support for the policy process. Enterprises and individual plants are the main implementing agents for CP, and communication with them is essential. Enterprises, and specifically their managers, need to make a commitment to continuously improve their environmental performance, and to develop capacity for CP and implement CP projects. Most important, they should also be prepared to share results, including a demonstration of financial benefits, a somewhat sensitive issue in the commercial sector. Industrial interest groups, such as business and engineering associations, or sector-specific organizations, have a crucial outreach to individual enterprises. Industry associations can improve the dissemination and exchange of information among their members on successful CP experiences. They can help persuade senior managers to take up CP and adopt better environmental management practices. Finally, they represent the business community in developing the policy and regulatory framework. Environmental service providers and CP consultants implement CP technical projects in enterprises. Recently, they have often been involved in the preparation of financing proposals for CP projects, and in promoting and marketing the CP concept with industry. One important group of environmental service providers includes those involved in environmental management systems (EMS) and local ecolabel and certification schemes, as they are in a position to support—or oppose—the promotion of Cleaner Production. Universities and other educational institutions form and educate future managers. Their impact is strong over a medium-term horizon. In the short term, they can integrate environmental management and CP principles into their curricula and provide short courses for current professionals in their continuous education programmes. Financial institutions have, in recent years, been able to improve their understanding of CP investment. The financing sector is in a position to include environmental aspects in lending evaluations, broaden their lending instruments to support CP, and finance investments in CP and efficiency improvements. Insurance companies can promote CP through insurance incentives. Non-governmental organizations can raise awareness of CP and introduce an element of public pressure and accountability. Additionally, provided they have the necessary technical capacities and skills, they can implement voluntary activities on a local level. For example, a number of waste minimization programmes have been initiated or managed by NGOs. Cleaner Production Centres have traditionally been responsible for the identification and preparation of small CP investment projects, and for organizing education and training events. In the policy context, CPCs can play an advisory role to the Government, and be an independent intermediary with stakeholders. PAGE 55
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Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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